Career Planning

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Career Planning

In the article I read "Career development strategies for teens" it gives you very important information to use as a guideline. The article states that at this point in a young adults' life the main thing to do is get an education. While in school you gain useful skills that will help you when searching for a job. Some of these skills are communication skills and being able to work with others. Another thing that should be done at this age is participating in internships or doing volunteer work. These programs will give you and up close and personal look at the career involved. This way you will be provided with necessary information such as what skills are needed and if you have to receive any special on the job training. This way the person will be able to evaluate the situation and determine if this is a job that they really want before taking unneeded courses.

When taking the time to sit down and write out a career plan, it is important that the person remembers not to make it a life long plan. Making a plan for the rest of your life is not good because things change and different events cause things to happen. The best way to solve this problem is to write a five-year plan. This way you can actually visualize how things may turn out. It is essential that a young adult keep in mind to balance the expectations in their life. In order to do this you should listen to the advice of the people around you and at the same time remember to follow your own path. This way you will be able to create a balance between the expectations you set for yourself along with the expectations of others who are important to you.

Most importantly a young adult must remember to live life the way that they feel. It is not necessary for you to feel tied down to any situation. When a person uses these tools to set a career plan they are left with something that they can live by and stay committed to.Cheap custom writing service can write essays on Career Planning

Please note that this sample paper on Career Planning is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Career Planning, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Career Planning will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Studying

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First of all I would ask her why she waited till the night before to cram for the test. I would also ask her if she was studying at all during the week. I would also ask her what class she was studying for so I would better be able to help her study for it.

The first part of my advice would be to have her take a 15-minute break for every hour of studying. When you cram for a test for 10 hours straight without any breaks it is still considered one hour of studying. This is because your brain needs those 15 minutes to take in, and "file" away the things you studied, if you study for too long without a break, your mind can't keep up with the "filing" and you start to lose the information you studying first.

My second part of my advice would be to get good nights sleep. Many time s a good nights sleep is much more valuable then studying for 10 hours straight. With more sleep your brain will be less stressed and able to function better. With more sleep your brain will also be able to recall memory better from the studying. One hour of sleep is usually better then an extra hour of cramming.

I would suggest using "x5" cards for studying, especially for vocabulary quizzes. The index cards should be colored for quick reference. When using index cards you should also write important words with red ink so that your mind will remember those words better. With index cards it is also easier to separate the information from what we know to what we don't know, that way we can easily study what we don't know.

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When studying you must always start studying at least the week before the test and study slowly, and cramming the night before a test is never useful. You should also study the way you feel most comfortable. When studying it is always useful to use index cards. You should always get good nights sleep before a test, that way you'll have good memory retention

Please note that this sample paper on studying is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on studying, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on studying will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Protection of Minority Rights in a democracy

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Freedom means diversity. This simple truth is nowhere more evident, and more relevant, than with the peoples and countries that constitute today's global society. None of these is homologous in ethnic, cultural, or religious terms. Globalization and the increasing movement of people across borders threatens to kill off the 'nation' state once and for all. However, the dominant or majority cultures in countries around the world seek to impose their identity on other groups with whom they share a territory.

Attempts to impose cultural uniformity often come at the expense of minority rights. To avoid marginalization, minorities often intensify their efforts to preserve and protect their identity. The hardening of opposing forces assimilation versus preservation can cause increased intolerance, ultimately leading to armed ethnic conflict in a worst-case scenario. African slavery, the Holocaust, and the relatively recent war in Kosovo, are only a few of history's brutal examples of humanity's selfish nature. In examining Thomas Hobbes' views on the natural state of man (as a selfish being with little or no concern for the well-being of others), it becomes evident that the protection and promotion of minority rights is essential in order to save humanity, essentially from itself.

Minority rights must be protected at all costs. Although some individuals believe that the will of the majority is paramount to the protection of minorities, opponents of such a belief will argue that the protection of minorities is, in fact, the protection of the majority. To illustrate this point, one only needs to compare history and present times to recognize the subtle fact that the Caucasian male, which once constituted a majority in Canada and the United States, is now a statistical minority. Therefore, a majority ethnic, cultural, or religious group must take steps to ensure the protection of minority rights in the event they become a minority, thus protecting their own rights. President John F. Kennedy addressed this same principle when he said, "[This nation] was founded on the principle that all men are created equal and that the rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened." The need to protect minority rights is obvious, but a highly opinionated debate has risen on how to protect minority rights. The extent to which minority rights are protected must consider the role of governance inside state borders, the role of governance and mediation beyond state borders, and the debate over affirmative action.

Good governance plays a vital role in involving minorities in society and protecting their rights and interests. Through recognition, dialogue, and participation, all the citizens of a diverse society can form a greater understanding of one another's concerns. Socialist Robert Owen, for example, believed that education was a way to eliminate crime and prejudice. Therefore, greater understanding equals greater tolerance for the ever-present diversities in society. The media and education have important roles in this regard, as do political representatives and community leaders. Write your The Protection of Minority Rights in a democracy research paper

Discrimination against minorities is battled most effectively in courts of law and state legislatures. Proper legislation is the first step towards ensuring minorities are protected in society. Such efforts are backed by the rule of law and the corresponding belief that even if individuals do not agree with court rulings or legislative policies, citizens are bound to obey this policy. If they disagree, they have the option to lobby the legislature or sue in the courts, rather than rampaging in the streets. Governments may also protect the rights of minorities, and all people for that matter, by entrenching basic liberties in a constitution. Such is the case in Canada and the United States where a Bill of Rights limits the ability of government to trespass upon certain individual liberties. It also places certain liberties beyond the reach of majorities to protect present and future generations. This credo of individual equality forces people to confront their prejudices against certain groups. Although nations with individual rights entrenched in their constitutions may not be free from discrimination, the existence of such a constitution is a public commitment to ending all vestiges of racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious prejudice.

Although no country has a perfect record on minority rights, a country like Finland, for example, has worked hard to implement legislation in order to promote ethnic relations among its population and act as a role model for pluralism and tolerance in multicultural societies. Swedish Finns represent the largest minority (6% of the population) yet still enjoy exceptional status in society. This can be attributed to the fact that Swedish, in addition to Finnish, is an official language in Finland. The people of Finland have recognized the right for Swedes (and their language) to be recognized under the law and have made accommodations to help preserve their cultural heritage. In recent years, the government has made significant efforts to address the question of land ownership by the Saami, the indigenous peoples of Finland and neighboring Scandinavian countries. In addition, Finland amended its 11 constitution in February of 1 to shift power from the president to the parliament and made additions regarding individual human rights.

State authorities need to ensure that minorities enjoy the fundamental right to equality, both in written legislation and in society. Actions taken by states to accomplish this include higher maximum penalties for racially motivated crimes, the use of ethnic monitoring and employment targets to ensure minorities are not underrepresented in various fields of work, and the establishment of human rights institutions and minority advisory bodies. Local governments, civic organizations, and non-governmental organizations are important in carrying out these tasks. For example, law enforcement officers, legal councils, and judges need to be aware of what constitutes racial discrimination and racially motivated crimes. Changing the composition of police forces may be appropriate to reflect the multi-ethnic communities they serve. Above all else, it is critical that minorities integrate themselves into their communities and take a proactive position towards ensuring their rights are fully recognized.

Although the measures available to governments are quite effective in combating minority prejudices, there are some special instances where these measures fail to protect an ethnic, linguistic, or religious group as a whole. When such a group is not isolated within a defined state boundary, instead the group is present in several states, difficulties may arise. While some governments and their respective societies may be able to protect such a group, others may not be able or willing to make any needed concessions. As a painful result, the need for international governance, or regulation beyond borders becomes necessary.

Analysis of the current state of affairs will give insight into the need for international protection of minority rights. The case of the Roma provides critical insight into the problems faced by the world today. The majority of the estimated ten million Roma, more commonly known as Gypsies, live primarily in Europe, and they make up the continent's largest minority group. Roma reside in other parts of the world as well, including North and South American, Australia, and India. At first, the Roma were generally well received in Europe, but their unfamiliar customs and "closed" society soon aroused widespread harassment. Dating back as early as 14, when the Christian conquest replaced Muslim rule in Spain, Roma have been a clear target for persecution and discrimination. This tendency towards ethnic hatred further developed in France and England, where government policy repressed the Roma to the point of being exiled. Beginning in the 15th century, the Hungarian and Romanian nobles went so far as to enslave the Roma, a trend that lasted for over four centuries.

Discrimination against Roma, however, intensified during World War II, when the Nazi's extended their persecution of Jews to include Roma as well. As many as 500,000 Roma perished in concentration camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau and Lublin-Majdanek. In post-war Europe, the Roma were subject to government-sponsored forced assimilation programs designed to deprive them of their distinctive language and culture. In France, their access to campsites has long been restricted in an attempt to force Roma to abandon their nomadic lifestyle. Attempts to assimilate Roma, ironically, have been countered by plans to segregate them as well. In the Czech Republic, for example, one municipality proposed the building of a four-meter high wall in order to separate Roma housing from the non-Roma community is a clear example of the attempt to disengage Roma communities. In Central and Eastern Europe, there has been a systematic routing of Roma children to "special" schools for the mentally disabled. Several European countries have policies barring Roma from restaurants, swimming pools, and discotheques. In addition, the geographic distribution of Roma throughout the world presents a considerable impediment for the Roma to overcome if they wish to enjoy basic human equality.

The case of the Roma presents a considerable dilemma in the fight against minority discrimination. Since inequalities in governmental policies and social environments afflict the Roma in so many countries, it appears that there is a need to confront the situation with the global Roma community in mind, instead of directing efforts to address individual Roma populations in each respective nation. Thus, the use of international governance may prove to be the best solution for combating social and institutionalized prejudice against minority groups, such as the Roma.

Born out of the horrors of the Holocaust, the United Nations is all too aware of the dangers of intolerance when it comes to minority groups. The United Nations and its agencies have advocated protecting and promoting minority rights and identities within multi-ethnic states. For example, the General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities, in 1 as a "point of reference" for the international community. It includes a list of rights that entitle minorities to enjoy and preserve their culture, participate in decisions at the national level, speak their own language, and worship in the religion of their choice, among others. States are requested to take an active role in the field of education to encourage public understanding of the history, language, and culture of minorities.

International organizations such as the United Nations and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) are capable of influencing government policy regarding minority rights in non-member states. If a country is known to neglect the rights of minorities within its borders, the organization will lobby the government for change. Economic sanctions may be imposed to halt economic trade between the nation and member countries. The United Nations may also limit financial aid to the country to force it to change its policies. If these methods do not work, the organization may go as far as to invade the nation to force changes with military force. Such was the case when NATO began a campaign of air strikes against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia when it refused to accept an international peace plan that would have granted autonomy to the Yugoslav province of Kosovo. This was the home of many ethnic-Albanians suffering persecution by Serbian forces. As the Secretary General of the United Nations has said, "At both the human and the financial level, a culture of prevention is more beneficial than a culture of reaction." The main objective and contribution of the United Nations, in this respect, is to prevent conflicts before they happen.

Although international organizations such as the United Nations and NATO are effective in aiding in the protection of minorities across the globe, a debate arises over the actions of such organizations. Many people believe that the United Nations and its policies, for example, represent a brutal disregard for a nation's sovereignty. Even though each member nation must ratify UN resolutions in their own legislature for the policies to take full effect, many people believe nations are forced to accept United Nations policy to ensure membership in the UN and maintain good will with other countries. Despite these objections and criticism, human rights are a primary concern for these organizations, especially the United Nations. Minority rights must be protected to this extent in order to achieve equality in our global society. Countries that have pledged support of minorities within their borders have the moral obligation to ensure minorities outside their borders receive at least basic human equality. A nation's sovereignty should be sacrificed if the people within those borders, especially those representing visible minorities, are being neglected or persecuted.

In the 0th century, efforts by local, federal and international governments have been successful in laying the groundwork for ensuring equality among ethnic, linguistic, and religious minorities through legislation and guarantees of basic human freedoms (i.e. Constitutional assurances). As the next step, governments and civic organizations have taken steps to integrate minorities into society. Education, special interest groups, and political representation are a few of the measures taken to promote societal equality. However, none is more controversial than the proposal for affirmative action, or so-called "reverse racism (or discrimination)," in government and institutional policy.

Affirmative action is essentially an attempt to remedy the effects of past biases against racial minorities and women through programs of varying degrees of preference to minorities and women in admission, employment and advancement opportunities in government agencies, businesses, and universities. Supporters of affirmative action contend that it is a temporary measure used to assure fair treatment for members of groups historically subject to discrimination. Various programs are designed to bring minority groups' involvement in business and higher education up to par with their percentage composition in society. Critics, however, argue that affirmative action runs counter to the concept of a "color-blind" Constitution, violates the principle of advancement based on merit, aggravates racial and gender hostilities, and evokes feelings of inferiority in those affirmative action is designed to help. The debate over affirmative action is highly contested on both sides, and the fact that the United States Supreme Court has ruled in favor and against affirmative action on several occasions indicates that the debate will not be ended any time soon.

Personally, I am a member of a visible ethnic minority and I do not support any move towards affirmative action. Although I have not, members of my immediate and distant family have suffered considerable social and institutionalized racial discrimination in Canada, and countries around the world. I will admit that affirmative action is effective in increasing minority participation in business and universities, however, I feel affirmative action does not aid in the fight against racial and gender persecution. I sincerely hope that any future university entrance acceptances or corporate positions I may gain are based on merit and qualifications, not on membership with a visible minority group. Affirmative action is not the answer to promoting minority equality.

In conclusion, even though many governments in the world today still neglect the rights of minority groups within their boundaries, we have seen that discrimination and intolerance can be fought through the use of legislature and constitutional guarantees. Minorities and majorities alike, have the right to a meaningful life free from persecution. It is the moral responsibility for 'tolerant' nations such as Canada and the United States to become role models for the 1st century and take a proactive and defensive position for minority rights throughout the world.

With proper legislation protecting minority rights in place, the groundwork is laid to overcome the last major obstacle in the struggle for ethnic, religious, and linguistic equality social prejudice. Even though minorities in Canada and the United States are equal under the law, many suffer considerable hardships in society. It's a shame that it took a devastating attack on the United States that horrific morning of September 11th, for a nation with such a long history of social prejudice and intolerance to overcome their differences to stand up against a foreign enemy. The household slogan, "United We Stand," is faintly ironic in the sense that it took an outside attack for the United States to stand up against hatred and prejudice, when the attacks were coming from the inside for decades. I, for one, hope that more people realize this truth and that a lesson can be learned from this terrible tragedy.

Finally, government legislation and intervention can only go so far in the protection of minority rights. Programs to integrate minorities, such as affirmative action, may create more problems than they fix. Perhaps there is also a limit to what governments and civic organizations can offer for the elimination of social prejudice against minorities. They only solution I can offer is education. The more people know about differences in society, the more they will accept them. Enlightenment is the key to acceptance. Acceptance is the key to freedom.

Once again, freedom means diversity, but does diversity mean freedom?

I certainly hope so.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

"Minority Rights." The Boston Connection Newspaper. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, November , 00, http//www.caribbeancommunity.com/minorityrigths.html

"Roma." Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 00. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, November 17, 00, http//encarta.msn.com

Russell, Greg. "Constitutionalism America & Beyond." International Information Publications. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, November 17, 00, http//www.usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/democracy/dmpaper.htm

"Statement by HE Marjatta Rasi, Ambassador of Finland to the United Nations on Minority Rights." The Permanent Mission of Finland to the United Nations. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, November 1, 00, http//www.un.int/finland/speechd.html

"United Nations." Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 00. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, November 17, 00, http//encarta.msn.com

Yarbrough, Tinsley. "Protecting Minority Rights." International Information Publications. Retrieved from the World Wide Web, November 17, 00, http//www.usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/democracy/dmpaper11.htm

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The Great Gatsby's quest

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When you are in an university and want to stay in a dormitory, you will have to have a helpful roommate. A roommate is who you can trust and rely on. And to choose this kind of a roommate, you have be able to pick a roommate. To have academic success and spiritual success, you need to have a perfect roommate, and to get this kind of person, you should be able to pick his/her roommate.

Firstly, the person who you will be choosing will most likely have a common interest with you so there would not be very disagreements. If you have a roommate who has a totally different opinion and a vision, it is positively sure that you will not get a long with him/her for the rest of the school year, which will have a huge impact on the success.

Secondly, a roommate has to be supportive and has to help you out in any cases. By picking the roommate, you can get the best person possible because you are able to look around and actually visually see and physically pick a roommate. However, the school choosing a roommate is very random so you could get some guy who hangs around in bars all day. To get a true roommate and have a supportive roommate, you should be able to choose a roommate by yourself.

Last of all, the best roommate is a person who you can trust. You must have a true friend that you can trust so that you have no fear that he/she would not steal anything. By choosing a true friend you will be able to feel free. Also, you will not have an incompatible roommate if you are choosing a best friend that you have. In addition, you would not have to struggle knowing a new roommate if you can choose. Selecting a roommate insures that you have a person who you can trust. Order custom research paper on The Great Gatsby's quest

Overall, the three points perfectly proves that it is the best to choose a roommate. To have no risk such as getting a geek as a roommate, it is best to pick a roommate than school assigning one.

Please note that this sample paper on The Great Gatsby's quest is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Great Gatsby's quest, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Great Gatsby's quest will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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In patriarchal religions, divinity is male; hence men see an image of themselves in the divine, while women are denied this identification with divinity. What are the cultural consequences of this?

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The ancient Middle East was the birthplace of Christianity and Islam; these faiths came to have an immense impact on human culture and religious beliefs. In one form or another religion is found in all societies, it has had a strong hold over men and women for thousands of years. All religions seem to have similar characteristics; these involve symbolism that evoke feelings of reverence and awe. This essay will explore the ancient history of Egyptian religion that can be linked to Christianity and Islam. It will show how patriarchal religion has been used for thousands of years to control the thoughts and actions of women, and how ancient scriptures have been re-written to serve the interests of men. It will consider and discuss comments and theoretical perspectives made by leading feminist writers, which include Karen Armstrong and Elaine Pagels and also text taken from The Nag Hammadi Library (10).

Ancient Egyptian religion, gave Egyptians a way to make sense of the world around them, it explained things they didn't understand, for example, the wind the sun and the darkness of night. They didn't have thousands of years of scientific knowledge to call upon, so if these things were not brought about by human intervention, they had to be super human, and therefor a God. This was usually in the image of a male.

Ancient Egyptian text recount several creation myths, the earliest and most widely known describes a dark watery primordial chaos. Out of this emptiness came a family of nine 'creator' Gods which brought forth everything in the universe. Three descendants of these were Isis, a fiercely protected mother Goddess, Osiris, God of the underworld and Seth, their ambitious brother. Osiris took his sister Isis as his Queen and they bore a son Horus. This suggests that incestuous relationships were considered normal and if Gods supported the act, Pharaohs could also. '…Osiris taught humankind how to build towns and temples he also laid down fair and just laws' (Cotterell & Storm 107) Whilst Isis '…helped Osiris civilise Egypt by teaching women how to grind corn, spin and weave'. (Ibid, p.) The women of the day had few deities to look up to; the ones they did were associated with fertility and nurturing. Religion then as now was used for social control and reflected women's social status, having said this, Isis was one of the Egyptians most revered Gods. The fundamental story of these three Gods is that Seth fought his brother Osiris and killed him. ' …When Isis heard what had happened to her husband and brother she was overcome with grief…she found his body and performed a magical ritual whereby she restored his body to life.' (Ibid 07) Nawal El Saadawi is an Egyptian feminist, and believes that this story clearly implies female superiority, but men have interpreted it very differently. She argues that the religions that were oppressive to women developed as monotheistic religions, which is a belief in one God rather than many, and became predominant and that these religions '…drew inspiration and guidance from the values of the patriarchal and class societies prevalent at the time'. (El Saadawi 180106) Female oppression is due to the patriarchal system and not necessarily due to religion although it has played its part. These three Gods became the major players in Egypt's central religious myth.

Not only were the Gods worshiped but also God Kings known as Pharaoh, they ruled over Egypt from around 100 BC, Pharaoh's in all dynasties believed themselves to be nothing less than divine. There were few female rulers, and no priestesses served in the temple, this contributed to and re-enforced the idea of male domination. Cleopatra was clearly the exception, who incidentally had only male advisors and courtiers. Her divine rule did absolutely nothing for women's social status. The same can be seen in the managerial positions that women hold in today's society. Once a woman has gained top position, which is difficult to do, she does not want nor need competition especially from another female. Therefore these rivals are kept to a minimum within the workforce. Custom writing service can write essays on In patriarchal religions, divinity is male; hence men see an image of themselves in the divine, while women are denied this identification with divinity. What are the cultural consequences of this?

Karen Armstrong argues that in many countries around the world there were few effigies of Gods as men, and as many societies developed religious beliefs, there were also many different Gods and Goddesses, and the Mother Goddess played a crucial role. She indicates that the same Goddess was known by different names in different countries and says she was;

' …absorbed into the pantheons of deities and

remained a powerful figure. She was called

I nanna in Sumner, in ancient Mesopotamia,

Ishtar in Babylon, Anat or Asherah in Canaan,

Isis in Egypt and Aphrodite in Greece. In all

these cultures people told remarkably similar

stories about her to exoress her role in their

spiritual lives.'

(Armstrong, 1 8)

She also argues that in some societies, women, within most religions have not always been subordinate, and in early history 'women were considered central to the spiritual quest' (Armstrong, 1). In the Middle East archaeologists have uncovered numerous symbols of the Great Mother Goddess. She was usually pictured as a naked pregnant woman this represented the mysteries of fertility and life and as Armstrong puts it

'The earth produced plants and nourished

them in rather the same way as a woman gave

birth to a child and fed it from her own body.

The magical power of the earth seemed vitally

interconnected with the mysterious creativity

of the female sex'

( Armstrong, 1 8 ).

She also implies that the position of women in religion began to decline due to war and invasions. The invaders brought with them male- oriented mythology and the Goddesses were replaced with powerful masculine deities. This began as early as the fourth century BC The final death of the Goddess came with the acceptance of monotheism. Von Kellenbach (14), a German feminist, criticises this belief and points out that there is no written historical record in any culture to suggest that there was a time when women were in a matriarchal paradise. The evidence rather suggests that in cultures where there were female goddesses, women were not given a greater role in society, in fact, the goddesses themselves had a lesser role than the gods.

Early in the first century Jesus of Nazareth began his first ministry and after he was crucified his followers fanned out across the empire sowing the seeds of a total transformation of belief, thus the Christian faith spread. Four hundred years would pass before this faith was accepted. This was a new monotheistic faith that took over the land, and this movement would spell ultimate doom for the Gods and Goddesses of the Pharaohs. There are many parallels between Egyptian religion and Christian teachings. The most striking similarities can be found in religious icons, such as Isis and her son Horus (the translation of this name means the one who is above) and the Christ child who sits on the lap of his mother Mary. This is also shown in the ancient Egyptian stories of the God Osiris who was killed and brought back to life and the story of Jesus who died on the cross and then miraculously resurrected. In the minds of the Egyptian Christians there would surely be parallels, this made it easier to accept a new belief and preserving Egyptian religious ideologies and traditions was a way of keeping control and maintained patriarchal beliefs and misrepresentations.

The Old Testament Bible in the first instance was translated from ancient texts, these being the writings of scholars of the time, as so was the New Testament. However in 145 in Upper Egypt a large number of primary Gnostic scriptures were unearthed which were once thought to have been completely destroyed by the early orthodox Christians; scriptures such as the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of truth. These are now referred to as The Nag Hammadi library. In many of these texts God is imaged as a unity of masculine and feminine elements, it is no wonder that the orthodox faith felt the need to rid society of these books. They tell quite a different story of Jesus and God. It says that Jesus prayed to the divine Father and Mother. These teachings obviously went against the patriarchal system prevalent at that time. It also tells of Mary Magdalene, they show her as an outspoken and trusted confidant of Jesus. She was one of his closest disciples, and to her he entrusted special teaching. They also suggest that Jesus had an emotional attachment with Mary.

'...the companion of the Saviour is Mary Magdalene. But Christ loved her more than all the disciples, and used to kiss her often on her mouth. The rest of the disciples were offended... They said to him, Why do you love her more than all of us? The Saviour answered and said to them, Why do I not love you as I love her?"'

(Gospel of Philip, 6- 64)

Pagels 18 xv

This is not so in the New Testament, she is depicted as a devoted but timid follower of Jesus and was associated with the unnamed sinner who anointed Jesus' feet in Luke 76-50. Mary the disciple and teacher had become Mary the repentant whore. This fiction was invented to undermine her influence and with it the appeal to her apostolic authority to support women in roles of leadership. This kind of ideology still appertains today in the Catholic Church, their reason for not allowing women to be ordained into the priesthood is, they say Jesus had no female disciples. Christian tradition has seriously damaged women's capacity to contribute fully to the faith.

In 1870 the Church of England formed a committee to do what had been done many, many times before this was to revise and update biblical texts. This committee contained no women, and according to Professor Karen King, this meant that texts could be re written and alternative traditions could be invented and that every variety of woman's leadership was eventually declared heretical and the evidence was erased or suppressed. Anthony Giddens argues that

'Christian religion is a resolutely male

affair in it's symbolism as well as its hierarchy.

While Mary the mother of Jesus, may sometimes

be treated as if she had divine qualities, God is

the father, a male figure and Jesus took the

human shape of a man. Woman is portrayed as

created from a rib taken from a man'.

(Giddens, 17 44)

There are many accounts of woman's association with the Devil; the story of the Fall in Genesis states that man was perfect before the fall. Eve is labelled as the temptress, the sinful one, and was the first to sin in the Garden of Eden. The serpent (the Devil) seduced her and then she seduced Adam into disobeying Gods wishes. Hence this burden has been on women ever since, and of course Adam did not reciprocate. God's judgement to Eve was

'and unto the woman he said, I will greatly

multiply thy sorrow and thy conception

and thy desire shall be to thy husband,

and he shall rule over thee.

(Genesis 16)

Many feminists and sociologists would scorn this verse and say that this was mans way of justifying women's place is society. There are many female characters in biblical stories but the prime parts are reserved for males. The texts do not indicate that at any time there were female disciples, and there is no female equivalent to Moses or any strong leading character. Thus women do not accept that they have leadership qualities.

Carlson Brown et al (18) argues 'that historical Christianity defined women as inferior, subordinate, and prone to the demonic' (p.7) and that these images have justified limitless violence against women whenever they crossed the male will at home or in society. The social consequence to this is that society assumes that when women are abused within marriage, that they themselves are responsible and have asked for it and therefore can receive no sympathy. The Catholic Church has much control over women's reproductive power, they decree that they should accept their pregnancies as God's will. This is all very well but the church is not willing to provide sustenance or money to ensure these children are well looked after. It is usually the mother who has to make the sacrifices. Their moral theology defines her sexuality as the debt of her body which she owes to her husband in the marriage contract. She is bound to serve him sexually, on demand, no matter what her own physical disposition may be. This again can be traced back to the old scriptures of how a man owned his wife. There have been many reactionaries who have resurrected the myth of women's inferiority based on their own interpretation of the Bible, so there must be an alternative way of interpreting scripture in a non sexist fashion.

This could take the form of Vertical inclusive language this is language that equally reflects both male and female aspects of God. Christian scripture and tradition has almost exclusively used masculine language, Father, Lord, King, He, despite the fact that Christian theology maintains that God has no gender. According to the theology, Gods divinity contains the perfections of both the male and female. However, because God revealed Gods self as male, Christianity has made masculine language normative in the description of God. Promoters of inclusive language argue that the use of masculine terms demonstrates and perpetuates patriarchy and sexism. Their solution would be the equal use of gendered terms. For example the use of Mother and She along with Father and He, and replacing of gendered terms with ungendered terms such as Parent and Monarch. Also, Jesus Christ could be called the Divine Child instead of Son of God. '…We must learn to speak to and about God in the feminine; …and we must learn to image God in female metaphors' (Schneiders 18670). This will enable future society to accept women as equals. The concerns of those who reject this idea say that inclusive language is political and is not a natural linguistic phenomenon. This kind of language is hard to maintain, as it has to be prompted.

The bible is a source of great influence, not only to Christians; the Old Testament influences other religions, for example Islam. The Qur'an sees itself as the culmination of the biblical tradition. Hence biblical attitudes towards women are important. Women's second-class status is very often related natural body functions, which are menstruation and pregnancy. For instance Muslim women are not allowed to touch the Qur'an, pray or visit the mosque whilst in either of these conditions. As women are in either of these conditions at least once a month, their social and psychological state must be at constant turmoil. Other written examples are the commandments revealed to Moses on Mount Sinai, which interestingly mention adultery twice. 'Thou shall not commit adultery' (Exodus 014) then a few verses later 'Thou shall not covert your neighbour's house; thou shall not covert your neighbours wife, or male or female slave, or ox, or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbour' (Exodus 017). The repetition has a simple explanation, the first verse speaks of sexual immorality, while the second speaks of coveting one's neighbours property, among which wife is included. In ancient times slavery and marriage for women were albeit the same and women were often reduced to poverty. In today's society this also appertains, as the majority of Muslim wives are not expected to work. An explanation for this is, '…if a woman becomes self-sufficient and can singly support a family; resources from the father are no longer needed'. (Nassan, Z 186) This does become possible with industrialisation and where women do work, it has been blamed for the breakdown of traditional family structure, however families are not broken up by modern economy but by their patriarchal structures. Much of human history has been patriarchal, and patriarchy does tend to view women as property.

In conclusion, traditionally, religion does not seem to be good for women, and has tended to side with the status quo that keeps women in their place as being dutiful, domestic and dependent. The subjugation of women in this way helps maintain the belief that they are unequal, whilst men have the great advantage of having a God endorse the code he writes, and that code uses divine authority to support male dominance. Unfortunately, from a woman's perspective overcoming social injustices and human sacrifice are seen to be integral to spiritual life. Consequently no matter how much women have been devalued and subordinated, religion gives them the false belief that they will be rewarded in heaven for their suffering . After thousands of years the ideologies in patriarchal theology is deeply entrenched and it can be argued that without moral beliefs and shared values, there would be no social order and religion reinforces this. However scriptures have been re-written and re-invented by men for their gain, nevertheless what is man made can always be changed; and If women disapprove of a system, they must stay in it and change it. This will create a more balanced approach to life for both men and women in all creeds and denominations.

Bibliography.

Abdullah, Yusuf Ali; (18), The Meaning of The Holy Qur'an. Maryland Amana Corporation.

Armstrong, K; (1), The end of silence Women and the Priesthood. London Fourth Estate.

Carlson Brown,J & Bohn, C; (18), Christianity, Patriarchy and abuse A Feninist Critique. Canada Pilgrim Press

Cotterell, A, & Storm R; (1), The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology. Great Britain Anness Publishers Limited.

Daley, M; (185) The Church and the Second Sex. London Beacon Press.

De Beavuvoir, S; (15), The Second Sex. London David Campbell Publishers Ltd.

El Saadawi, N (180), The Hidden Face of Eve Women in the Arab World. London Zed books.

Giddens, A; (17), Sociology. rd Ed. Cambridge Polity Press.

Giddens, A; (001), Sociology. 4th Ed. Cambridge polity Press.

Haralambos and Holbourn, (000), Sociology. 5th Ed. London Harper and Collins Publishers limited.

King James Version, The Holy Bible. London Collins' Clear-type Press.

Pagels, E; (180), The Gnostic Gospels. London Wiedenfeld and Nicolson.

Robinson, J; (10), The Nag Hammadi Library. rd Ed. New York Harper Collins.

Von Kellenbach, (14) Anti Judaism in Religious Feminist Writing. Atlanta Scholar Press.

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Le'Annetti's

Unlimited

Do my essay on Business Plans CHEAP !

Fashions

Plus LLC

Final Project

Marketing Management 401

Professor Joseph Jang

Lorenda B. Levy

JoAnn Cain

Cynthia Roberts

Lisa Rooney

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

. Introduction

. Mission Statement

4. Vision Statement/Target Market

5. Differentiation

6. Marketing

7. Marketing

8. Marketing

. Marketing

10. Competition Analysis/Marketing Strategy

11. Organizations SWOT Analysis

1. Revenue Projections

1. Revenue Projections

14. Revenue Projection

15. Conclusion

Le'Annetti's Unlimited Fashions Plus

Executive Summary

Our names are Lorenda Levy, JoAnn Cain, Lisa Rooney, and Cynthia

Roberts. We recently graduated from Peirce College and earned our

Associates Degree in Business Administration and are continuing our

education to earn our Bachelors Degree in the same field. Several years ago

the four of us decided on a whim that we would combined our assets and

open a clothing store called the "Le'Annetti's Unlimited Fashions Plus," which

is located in Center City and our second location is in the Northeast section of

Philadelphia.

It is a Retail Clothing Store that has been in business for the past

five years. These particular stores are unique, because they offer an exclusive

line of plus size clothing, shoes, accessories and other personal needs to both

the male and female in unlimited sizes. We guess you would like to know what

made us decide to establish a business for plus size people. Well! Let me tell

you a short story. There was once upon a time when we ourselves wore a

size eight and were able to go into any clothing store, grab any item we were

interested in, pay for it, and hurry back but as years progressed so did our

weight and it made it more difficult for us to buy fashionable clothing that

was appeasing to our taste.

Then it came to us that "If we felt this way, then we were quite sure that

there are others that feel the same," So we decided to do something about it, and

that's how our business came into existence.

Introduction

Le'Annetti's Unlimited Fashions Plus has been in business from

18 to the current year of 00. We currently have forty employees in

both of our retail stores. We also sell our line of merchandise on the Internet and

throughout our Le'Annetti's catalog, which can be purchased at $5.00 a copy.

Our Management Team consist of, The President and Chief Executive

Officer (CEO) Lorenda B. Levy, Chief Finance Officer JoAnn Cain, Fashion

and Business Consultant Cynthia Roberts, and Marketing Research and

Analysis Lisa Rooney. Our business made profit but was not as productive

as we desired it to be in the fiscal year from February-18 January 000,

because we were new to the business and was not that well known, but since

then we have been successful in the 001 - 00 fiscal year. We have made a

net profit of $50,000.

We had to take into consideration of how we would model our business,

so first we established what the wants and needs of the customers are, then we

scrutinized wholesale manufacturers that are able to best provide us with the

quality of goods at a reasonable cost.

Secondly, the merchandise that we purchase from the various manufactures

at a wholesale cost will be placed into our stores to be sold to our customers at a

retail price, so we concluded that we would model our organization Business to

Consumer. (BC)

Mission Statement

The Le'Annetti's Unlimited Fashions Plus is a retail-clothing store

specializing in unique, fashionable clothing, shoes, accessories, and other personal

needs for the plus size person. Our mission is to provide an entertaining, fun, and

knowledgeable atmosphere to customers who experience nothing but a pleasurable

day of shopping. Feeling good about your-self is as much about storytelling and

nostalgia as it is about the right clothing and accessories. The Le'Annetti's

Unlimited Fashions Plus adds value by creating a comfortable social setting in

a retail location.

We take care of our employees; that is, we pay them well and give them a

share of profits. We respect all customers who respect our store and people, and

show respectful diligence toward those who choose not to show our people

respect.

We work as a team, not as a socialist Mecca. Our people are paid

according to their skills and abilities. In addition, each employee will have the

option of company-sponsored training courses and outside curricula that builds

on their skill sets.

Our customers are our most important assets, and we rely on

them for feedback. We do not, however, send out unsolicited surveys to

unsuspecting customers. We will accept in-store suggestions and test them for

results.

We have a plan and our goals are clear To create a fun, entertaining, and

respectful retail environment that generates sales of clothing and other

accessories for the fashionable plus size person.

Vision

Our vision is to become popular nationwide as being known as an

organization that gives plus size individuals the comfort of being able to

continually come into our retail stores and feel welcome, not out of place. Our

motto is! "No Customers, No Production, No Profit" so our goal is to

continue to satisfy our customers. We also realize, that we are in a world where

there are an enormous number of Pre-teens, who are a forgotten number when

left with clothes suited to their style and age. We are hoping that within the next

two, or three years we will have this in place.

Target

We knew which group of people we wanted to target but we had to take

into consideration of the age group. Because 16 year olds are in high school, and

many of them work, we decided that the main group of Individuals that we would

aim to target would be the Middle, Upper Class, plus size individuals, both

male and female, between the ages of 16 years of age, to adult, that finds it

difficult to locate a retail store that caters specifically to their sizes in the fashion

world.

Differentiation

We found out during our research that 70% of retail stores today

tend to cater to the petite size individuals and have a limitation in the

larger sizes that they offer to the plus size consumers. Our retail stores will offer

unlimited sizes to both the male and female gender.

The fashions that are offered to the plus size customers are usually unappealing, straight

flowered, tank dresses for women and plaid pants for men. We will offer them detailed designs,

appliqu�d embroidery, and fashionable prints unlike any other that has ever been

offered to them. Our line of shoes though they may be narrow, or wide width

would also be made up of a nice selection of designs, colors, and styles. We will

also provide them with all the personal necessities and or accessories, for

example bras, jocks, pantyhose, scarves, handbags, etc.

In our investigation we have not found a retail store in existence that

provides this level of service on the same premises, where Plus Size customers

have the advantage of doing one stop shopping.

Marketing

We had to also come up with a strategy of how we would market our

business, so we figured due to our budget, we would use the TV and radio as

two sources of communication we would use them to our advantage on Thursday

and Friday's. We chose these two days in particular because most consumers

get paid around this time and are more willing to spend their money, so when

advertisements are exposed to them in this timeframe it is still fresh in their

minds. We would also put a colorful ad in the newspaper in the same timeframe

as we would our TV and radio advertisements.

We will have our employees stand outside our place of business to hand out

fliers along with a 0% off coupon. Then we thought we would do something that

was a little more unique, for example just as retail stores display their windows

with mannequins displaying their apparel, we also have mannequins to display our

attire, but the distinction from the others is that we have specially made

mannequins made up in plus sizes to place in windows, whereas in other retail

stores even though they claim to be plus size stores they display their attire on

petite size mannequins.

Our saying is, "Either you're a plus size store, or you're not." It's in our

opinion, that if you're out to target the plus size customer then go all the way by

making them also feel proud of being able to walk up to the window and getting an

idea of what an outfit may look like on them by having mannequins of similar sizes

as a window model.

We have also place our businesses on the web site. It is designed to give

the consumer brief description in regards to our business and merchandise. It

would also have live plus sizes individuals to model a selection of male and

female attire. We specialize in offering a line of clothing and shoes for plus size

individuals both males and females. Please be patient with us we give you an

idea of what type of merchandise we sell. We offer from a long line of sports,

casual, and eveningwear. Our merchandise consist of, men and women shorts,

shirts, blouses, jogging suits, swim suits, casual and evening, two and three-piece

skirt and pants suits. We sell casual and evening dresses, men and women

pajamas, elegant lounge wear, socks, stockings, fishnets, knee-highs,

thigh-highs, and pantyhose. We offer various shades and colors in our

stockings, such as taupe, nude, jet black, off black, navy blue, white, etc; and

textures, such as sheer, ultra sheer, and opaque.

We also sell women's half and full slips, girdles, garters, men and women

personal necessities and accessories, such as bras, panties, jocks, perfumes,

colognes, jewelry, hats, scarves, and handbags. In our organization, when we

use the phrase "Sizes Unlimited" that's exactly what we mean, our sizes range

from sizes 14 64, but if for any reason a customer comes into our place of

business and need a larger size than what is offered in our stores they are

guaranteed to have it. We will order it and have it readily available for them in 4

hours. Our shoes and sneakers come in various styles, colors, and sizes for both

men and women they can purchase them in sizes 5-B1EEE, if larger sizes are

requested they can also be ordered and available within 4 hours.

One important factor about our merchandise is the quality. Our apparel is

made with the finest materials, such as rayon, silks, gabardines, cotton, linen,

knits, wools, leather, etc. The same applies to our shoes and sneakers, Our

shoes are made of high quality leathers, suede, alligator skin, etc. Our sneakers

are mostly made of leather. We guarantee our customers if they can find the

same quality of clothing elsewhere, we will sell it to them at a 5% discount. The

holiday season is one of the productive and profitable times of the year, so we

began our holiday sales at least a week before our competitors, which includes a

free promotional gift and a 10% - 0% off discount on merchandise purchased by

our customers.

We offer "LeAnnetti's Unlimited Fashions Plus" credit cards with a

limitation of $00.00 for adults that can be used to purchase merchandise

online or on site within our retail stores. We also offer a Jr. credit card with a

limitation of $00.00 for our young adult starting from 16 18 with a contractual

agreement signed by their parents stating that they will assume full responsibility

for their monthly payments. We accept valid VISA, MASTERCARDS,

AMERICAN EXPRESS, and DISCOVER as another payment method.

"LeAnnetti's Unlimited Fashions Plus" retail stores are open 00am - 800

pm Monday-Fri and 10 00am -1000pm on Saturday.

We are located in the Center City and Northeast section of Philadelphia,

which is considered two of the busiest sections of the city. According to the

Census Bureau, as of July first 001 Philadelphia is a population of 1,41,81.

Therefore, although public transportation, such as the trolleys, subways, buses,

and Market-Frankford El Lines are convenient for our customers, we provide free

parking for those that choose to drive their vehicles, which is that of all ethnic

cultural groups. In reality what makes us successful over our competitors is the

fact that there is an overwhelming amount of plus size people in our nation and,

because our competitors limit their product by focusing on the petite consumers it

gives us the advantage edge. It is for this reason that we have loyal customers,

who continue to serve us, and our name is rapidly becoming known nationwide.

Competition Analysis

Direct Mail and Web Sales

· Big and Tall Plus and Fashions For Us the Plus sell plus size apparel and accessories to our target market. They are large corporate entities, each with powerful online and retail presence. Fortunately, they have not opened any retail stores in the Center City Philadelphia/Northeast Philadelphia area, so we count them solely as direct mail and Web competitors. We hope to achieve .5-1% of their gross yearly direct sales.

Retail Sales

· Big and Tall Plus #1 will be our toughest competitor, for they have already established themselves in the plus size fashion community. They have a very experienced and knowledgeable staff of expert climbers, and they are located in malls on the outskirts of Philadelphia near the Interstate that leads directly to Philadelphia. They carry 75-80% of the same fashions and accessories that we sell.

· Fashions For Us the Plus # sells limited fashions, they do not promote, and they do not market their products extensively. On the other hand, they sell food and carry more Generation X apparel than Big and Tall Plus. Their biggest weakness is small store size.

Marketing Strategy

· We will build strategic partnerships with other retail service companies.

· We will differentiate Le'Annetti's Unlimited Fashions Plus from competitors through aggressive advertising and promotional campaigns that demonstrate our community support and commitment.

· We will build retail store awareness through our direct mail and Web campaigns, leading to greater word-of-mouth marketing.

· We will become the number #1 Retailer for Plus size people

Marketing Research

· We will obtain market research through in-store customer comment cards and the local Chamber of Commerce.

Organization SWOT Analysis

Strengths

· Extremely strong relationships with distributors.

· Excellent staff who are well trained and customer attentive. They also get great discounts, increasing job satisfaction.

· An efficient, stylish retail store.

Weaknesses

· The struggle to build brand equity.

· The inability to provide instant gratification by having all sizes in stock.

· Forecasting fashion is difficult but necessary to profitability

Opportunities

· A growing segment of the market that is increasingly bothered by having to travel to Philadelphia for nice plus size clothing and accessories.

· An industry that seems immune to recessions.

· The ability to operate on lean overhead relative to competitors.

Threats

· The introduction of a competitor to the Philadelphia market with a similar business model.

· Completely misjudging where fashion is headed.

· Constant delays in the shipment of product or the unavailability of many of the advertised designs.

Competition and Buying Patterns

· Fashion Bug Plus This is a womens only clothing and shoe store. They have a nice selection of clothing but a poor selection of shoes. The shoe styles tend not to be cutting edge. The price point for the shoes is $0-$10.

· Saks Fifth Avenue This is a large, complete, department store. The store however, suffers from cluttered displays and a general sense of disorganization. Shoes here are $0-$10.

· Nordstroms This is a national franchise that only sells shoes, for both men and women. This company will sell knock offs, shoes just like name brands, but with their name on it. While this store has a huge selection, the quality of the shoes leaves a lot to be desired. This is somewhat understandable as the shoes typically sell for $1-$50. While the shoes are often good copies of famous brand, the execution is sometimes off. Many of the shoes that are made out of pleather and look like they were dipped in wax, giving them a tacky appearance.

Revenue Projections

Financials

This section will offer a financial overview of Le'Annetti's as it

relates to the marketing activities. Le'Annetti's will address break-even

analysis, sales forecasts, expense forecasts, and how those link to the market

strategy.

Break-even Analysis

Break-even Analysis

Monthly Units Break-even 58

Monthly Revenue Break-even $15,500

Assumptions

Average Per-Unit Revenue $60.00

Average Per-Unit Variable Cost $4.00

Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost $,00

Sales Forecast

The first month will be used to set up the storefront. Employees will

be hired and inventory will be purchased. There will be no sales activity

during the first month. The second month will begin to see sales activity and

it is forecasted that around month four sales will really begin to pick up. The

reason for this is that word will get out about Le'Annetti's and more and

more people will be coming in to check out the extensive selection.

Sales Forecast

Sales 00 004 005

Professionals $84,40 $158,745 $17,454

Housewives $54,861 $10,184 $11,05

Total Sales $1,6 $61, $84,54

Direct Cost of Sales 00 004 005

Professionals $,761 $6,48 $68,8

Housewives $1,45 $41,74 $44,88

Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales $55,705 $104,77 $11,80

Expense Forecast

Marketing Expense Budget

18 1 000 001 00

Advertisements $6,400 $7,500 $,000 $11,000 $14,000

Other $1,85 $,000 $,00 $,00 $4,100

------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

Total Sales and Marketing Expenses $8,5 $,500 $11,00 $14,00 $18,100

Percent of Sales 5.1% .6% .4% 5.65% 6.68%

Contribution Margin $75, $147,658 $15,5 $165,0 $178,680

Contribution Margin / Sales 54.0% 56.7% 56.06% 65.65% 66.68%

Online Sales Online Sales (thousands) Growth over 5 years

18 $0. 0%

1 $44. 1%

000 $45. %

001 $55. 6%

00 $75. 56%

Total $4. 5%

Total Catalog Shopping Market Sales, 18-00

(Thousands of Dollars)

18 5.8

1 48.

000 55.

001 61.5

00 84.

In conclusion, we knew that when we decided to enter the business

world with plans of establishing our own organization, that we would be faced

with many challenges. It took an enormous amount of assets and planning if we

intended to be productive and profitable. It took time, determination, knowledge,

planning, patience, motivation, dedication, consistency, loyalty, and teamwork.

We had to first have a vision in what our goals were and what we hoped to

achieve. Then we had to have a plan of what steps and procedures it would take

to get it started and what resources we would need. We had to also be sure that

we were not investing by beginning a business that was similar to our

competitors, because we took the time to do the research and layout our market

plan for our business, which has helped Le'Annetti's Unlimited Fashions Plus to

be successful thus far.

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