Queen Elizabeth I Mary I

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Queen elizabeth I Mary I Dudley I SussexShe felt that a united church meant a united country and would therefore give her a more secure hold over the people. Catholic ritual was also retained (e.g. vestments, the position of the altar in the east) and this enabled many more to accept her Church. It also may show that she was trying not to push away Catholics and drive them into opposition, as this would weaken their loyalty to her.

However, even though the majority were satisfied with the Church, there were threats from both Puritans and Roman Catholics which can be seen to demonstrate that her hold over England was not totally secure.

Some Catholics viewed Elizabeth as illegitimate, an incestuous bastard, begotten and born in sin", another threat to the security of Elizabeths hold over England came with the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis in which Pope Pious V excommunicated.

Without money she was unable to maintain an army. The lack of war in her early reign reduced expenditure.

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If no heir was named, then loyalty would be focused on herself only.

As a woman, any husband would have inevitably dominated and controlled policy.

When she was advised by the whole of Parliament (apart from two MPs) to execute Mary Queen of Scots, she still refused until she personally felt it was the right time. One such plot involved Mary, Queen of Scots, who had fled to England in 1568 after her second husbands murder and her subsequent marriage to a man believed to have been involved in his murder. As a likely successor to Elizabeth, Mary spent 1 years as Elizabeths prisoner because Mary was the focus for rebellion and possible assassination plots, such as the Babington Plot of 1586. Mary was also a temptation for potential invaders such as Philip II. In a letter of 1586 to Mary, Elizabeth wrote, You have planned ... to take my life and ruin my kingdom ... I never proceeded so harshly against you. Despite Elizabeths reluctance to take drastic action, on the insistence of Parliament and her advisers, Mary was tried, found guilty and executed in 1587.

Propaganda also helped Elizabeth to achieve this hold. Her propaganda policy was designed to maximise popular loyalty to herself - and was also designed to appeal to the ordinary person. She went on progresses round the country, and was a public queen. By showing herself to her people, she succeeded in gaining their loyalty - crucial to her if she was to be a secure ruler. She also had portraits painted, containing symbols of her strength. These were particularly important as she aged - she was still able to present a youthful image to the nation. If she revealed how much she had aged, people would see her as weak, and she would lose support, and thus security.

A Catholic style hierarchy was still employed, although the Act of Supremacy meant that Elizabeth herself, as opposed to the Pope, would be the Supreme Governor of the Church. Her aim was to create a national church, and the Act of Uniformity required a book of common prayer. It can therefore be argued that Catholicism and Puritanism were both dangers to this church, as anything which tried to undermine Elizabeths authority as Supreme Governor or acted as a threat to the stability of the church could be considered a danger.

Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the most glorious in English history. Her church settlement probably saved England from religious wars. Investing in expensive clothes and jewellery (to look the part, like all contemporary sovereigns), she cultivated this image by touring the country in regional visits known as progresses, often riding on horseback rather than by carriage. Elizabeth made at least 5 progresses during her reign.

In 1588, aided by bad weather, the English navy scored a great victory over the Spanish invasion fleet of around 10 ships - the Armada. The Armada was intended to overthrow the Queen and re-establish Roman Catholicism by conquest, as Philip II believed he had a claim to the English throne through his marriage to Mary. During Elizabeths long reign, the nation also suffered from high prices and severe economic depression, especially during the 150s. The war against Spain was not very successful after the Armada had been beaten and, together with other campaigns, it was very costly. Though she kept a tight rein on government expenditure, Elizabeth left large debts to her successor.

Mary died later that year, possibly from cancer, leaving the crown to her half-sister Elizabeth.

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Imposed Insanity

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Women in the turn of the century and before and after have been treated as a weak gender. In "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the main character is plagued with a nervous disorder, which is termed hysteria. She is given the infamous bed rest remedy; the name says it all. Her husband and her brother are both physician's and they know best. She tries her best to fulfill their wishes. She doubts them at some instances, then she finds herself tired, and ultimately she goes mad from being pent up with nothing to do. By writing this story Gilman comments of the treatment of women during her time. Women are considered delicate objects and if we are left alone our ailments will go away all by themselves. The doctors during that time thought it inane to treat a disease that if given enough rest would go away. It did not seem worth their time to treat a crazy woman. Women are not allowed to voice their opinions, which can be a cause of mental distress. Given the time period men know what is good for women to do. The Cult of True Womanhood legitimized the reasoning of just leaving women to go insane. She obeys even though she knows that the cure she has been given is only deepening the misery she is in, but her inwardness tells her to follow her husband and brother's advice. In the end she goes utterly mad and sees a woman creeping in the wallpaper.

The main character is plagued with a mental disorder and the remedy she must follow is bed rest. She must do nothing and hope that her insanity will go away. Her husband and brother deem that rest is best for her. "Personally, I disagree with their ideas" (8). What can she do, she is not allowed to express her feelings, her voice goes unheard and is suppressed. Her duty as a woman is to obey men. She even doubts her own instincts, "I'm sure I never used to be so sensitive. I think it is due to this nervous condition" (8). Because of the society she lives in she even doubts herself. She is trying to cope with her insanity as well as the oppression of her life. Obscuring all of her feelings is a culprit of her nervous state, at least one of the factors. Instead of finding solace in rest she finds deeper solitude. She finds to explain to her husband that she is not getting any better but she expends too much energy in it because nothing ever comes of it. "…I shall neglect proper self-control; so I take pains to control myself-before him, at least, and that makes me very tired" (84). She finds herself being reclusive about her feelings with her husband. It is unnatural for her to hide her feelings; it should not take up energy not to express her feelings. At this time the Cult of True Womanhood held up the notions that woman are to obey their husbands, do what they are told and just be plain virtuous.

She continues her bed rest and she finds herself spending most of her time what used to be a nursery. On its walls is decaying yellow wallpaper, it is stripped off in patches. The pattern is a labyrinth that leads no where, mirroring her life as a housewife where she is not going to get anywhere above her role as a women. Aside from the walls, the windows are barred, like a jail. Her husband talk to her like a child, it is ironic that she ends up going mad in this room. She has to fight herself to suppress her own feelings and listen to her husband.

She takes great care to convince herself that her husband is right and she is just suffering from a nervous condition. At the same time she is fighting her thoughts that actually make sense as to what is right for her to do. She complains to her husband that the wallpaper is disturbing to her, but her husband finds that she is being picky like a child. "He laughs at me so about this wall-paper! […] He meant to repaper the room, but afterwards he said that I was letting it get the better of me, […] nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give way to such fancies" (85). Here starts her descent into madness and her husband disregards her complaining about the wallpaper, he just thinks it is a knack for her to want different wallpaper. He believes she is being a child because she is letting wallpaper bother he, it is a fancy for her to let the wallpaper be an issue. Once again she just lets it be. She starts to stare at the pattern; here it starts to come to life.

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The wallpaper starts to drive her insane, she is pent up in her life she cannot find the outside. She starts spending more time in the nursery; she starts to just stare at the wallpaper. "This paper looks to me as if it knew what a vicious influence it had!" (85). The wallpaper is almost tempting her to look at it more, the paper understands her grief, it will liberate her if she just unlocks it secret. "There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down" (85). The fascination starts, she knows there is something there. She starts to feel better because she has, "something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch" (840). It makes her feel better to stare at the wallpaper. She is close to discovering the truth behind the peculiar pattern. "The front pattern does move-and no wonder! The woman behind shakes it!" (841). She sees the woman creeping in the wallpaper. She has discovered that to ever become herself she has to creep in the darkness. She locks herself in the room and she is mad by this point because no one would listen to her. In the room she finds freedom. "I kept on creeping just the same, […] 'I've got out at last,' said I, 'in spite of you and Jane! And I've pulled off most of the paper'" (844). Nothing matter but that she keeps creeping, by creeping she has liberated herself from the conformity of being a women.

She ended up going mad due to the oppression of woman. She finds herself helpless and with orders to stay in bed and rest, to do nothing but wait around and eventually she will get better, if better means going mad, then she was given the right treatment. The Cult of True Womanhood upholds the treatment she was given. She was supposed to be virtuous, never speak up and so what her husband said without questioning. Woman in her time just obeyed and ended up in going insane because nervous aliments would just go away and in reality it made them go mad. This story is an early piece of woman's suffrage and was written "to save people from being driven crazy […]" (845). Women were treated as delicate objects that men knew exactly what to do, they were not to be expended energy on because it was all treated with rest. Nervous disorders was not considered a true sickness. Women were just to be left alone and not bothered with, their role was to obey and nothing more. Their minds lacked the understanding to comprehend what was best for them. Because she cannot truly be herself she creeps, that is her freedom.

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Two animals at risk

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Two Animals at Risk

One of the most unusual interesting warm-blooded mammals is the giant panda. Giant pandas belong to the bear family. At one time scientists did not agree about what kind of mammal the giant panda is. Now scientists clearly agree that giant pandas belong to the bear family. Most giant pandas are found in China. They live in the wild in bamboo forests. Bamboo is a tall grass that is their main food.

Most male giant pandas are about 6 feet long from their heads to their tails. They weigh up to 75lbs and the females are smaller. Giant pandas are unusual because they have thick black and white fur. The unusual markings included black fur on their ears and black circles around their eyes. The rest of their head is covered with thick white hair. Part of their body is covered with black fur and part is covered with white fur.

Giant pandas travel on all four feet. They have short curved claws that they use for protection and eating bamboo shoots. Something very special about the giant panda is the thumb, which they use to grip the bamboo. It is actually part of the giant panda's wrist bone.Order Custom Essay on Two animals at risk

We find the giant pandas in the mountains of western China where it is very cold and damp. Since it rains so often in this area, bamboo really grows in the mountains. In the summer giant pandas live in the high mountains. They move to the lower mountains during the winter months. If the weather is very bad, they look for shelter in hollow trees or caves. Some times female giant pandas build nests before giving birth. Giant pandas usually live alone in a range of about one to two square miles.

Even though giant pandas eat other plants, they usually spend 16 hours a day eating their favorite plant bamboo. Pandas can eat up to to 84 lbs of bamboo every day. When they aren't eating, they are resting. Giant pandas are quiet and friendly. Sometimes they make a sound like a sheep to greet another panda. However they will smack their lips together when they are scared. If a Giant panda is angry, it will roar and growl.

Giant pandas have some enemies, which are wild dogs and leopards. Giant pandas die in traps set by humans. The government of China outlaws killing giant pandas, however, people still hunt them. Another way that giant pandas die is when people destroy the bamboo forests. Then there is not enough food for the pandas to survive.

Giant pandas always mate in the spring time when they are six to seven years old. The male panda barks at the female when interested. The male and female stay together for three days and then return to living alone. After weeks the female gives birth to a cub. A giant panda cub only weighs about 4oz and it has no hair. In six weeks the cub learns to crawl and open its eyes. After six months the cub can walk, eat bamboo, and climb trees. At 4 months the young giant panda goes off on his own.

There are about 1,000 giant pandas in the world today. About 70 giant pandas live in zoos. Since they are endangered, guards are protecting them from poachers. If a person is caught killing any giant pandas, they are sent to prison. Chinese government rewards people who try to help the panda by planting more bamboo. Bamboo plants die out about every 50 yrs. and that is a big problem. One of the biggest problems occurred in the 170's when many bamboo plants died and the giant pandas starved to death. Some people try to create reserves so as to help the pandas. It's illegal to take pandas out of the country and the Chinese government will not sell any animals. The scientists do not know if giant pandas will survive, but they are working to save the giant pandas.

Wolves are another endangered species like the giant panda. There are two types of endangered wolves and they are white wolves and gray wolves. North America, Europe and Asia once had many wolves. Now Alaska, Canada and Siberia have more wolves. In the 1800s, settlers in America raised sheep and cattle. Wolves killed many of the farm animals. The ranchers hunted the wolves and by 10, most of the wolves were dead.

Wolves come in many different colors. Even wolves from the same pack can be different colors. The Arctic wolves have thick white coats and live in the far north. The fur color changes as the wolf ages. Gray wolves look like German shepherds because they are in the same family, however gray wolves are shaggier and bigger. Adult male wolves weigh up to 150lbs, but the females weigh as little as 70lbs. They reach their full grown weight by 10 months.

Wolves always hunt in large packs with an alpha wolf. The alpha wolf is the leader. Some times when they hunt, they cannot find food and will go for two weeks with out making a kill. As soon as they make a kill, the wolves will eat up to 0lbs of food. Packs of wolves live in the same territory. Wolves also howl to communicate and establish their territory.

Mating season begins January and continues until April. Female wolves are pregnant for 6 days. They prepare a den in a concealed area. Female wolves have five or six pups that weigh 16oz each.

The pups live with their mother for two months. Young wolves must hide from predators, such as wolverines and bears. Many pups stay with their original pack. If wolves do leave the pack, they form a new pack.

Gray and white wolves are endangered because their numbers have been reduced to a critical level. The habitat of the wolves has also been reduced. In the U.S. wolves are endangered in every state except Minnesota. People disagree with the decision about the future of wolves. Some people claim that wolves can help control the elk and the coyote over population. Other people say that the wolves will threaten livestock. Conservationists are passionate about protecting the wolves. Farmers and ranchers are determined to kill the wolves because the wolves kill their livestock. The law makers are caught in the middle of all the commotion. People need to come to a compromise in order to save endangered animals like the giant panda and white and gray wolves.

Angel, Heather. (18). Pandas. Stillwater, MN Voyageur Press, Inc., 18.

Barrett, Norman.(188). Pandas. New York, NY Franklin Watts Inc., 188.

Duden, Jane. (18). The Giant Pandas of China. Danbury, Connecticut Hilltops Books, 18.

Dudley, Karen. (17). The Untamed World Giant Pandas. Austin, TX Weigl Educational Publishers Limited, 17.

Lawrence, R.D. (10). Wolves. San Francisco, CA Sierra Club Books/Little, Brown and Company, 10.

Perry, Phyllis J. (1). Crafty Canines Coyotes, Foxes, and Wolves. Danbury, CT Franklin Watts, 1.

Scheff, Duncan. (00). Giant Pandas. Austin, TX. Raintree Steck-Vaughn Publishers, 00.

Standring, Gillian. (11). Wildlife At Risk Pandas. New York, NY The Bookwright Press, 11.

Wood, Daniel. (14). Wolves. Vancouver, B.C. Whitecap Books Ltd., 14.

International Wolf Center. (15-00). Teaching the World about Wolves. [Online]. Available http//www.wolf.org/wolves/learn/learn.asp

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Inner Darkness evolves into Internal Destruction

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The play Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tragedy in which great imagery and themes bring real life qualities to his characters. Particularly the theme of darkness, develops by vivid imagery, characterizes Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. To set the atmosphere of darkness, the characters convey it through their actions. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are not evil to begin with, but there lies a potential for evil within them. The potential sets free by the series of murders committed by the duo. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth curse themselves when they call upon darkness to cover their appalling deeds, which then leads to an inner darkness.

Macbeth's first encounter in Act 1 with the witches releases the darkness within him. The witches in their evil way prompt Macbeth's ambition to be king. Banquo calls the weird sisters "instruments of darkness," (Act 1, Scene 4, Line 14) but Macbeth still decides to take their advice. They plant the thought in him that he could be king if Duncan dies. The imagery conveyed during the witches' scenes is darkness. In Act 1, Scene , Act , Scene 4, and in Act 4, Scene 1 it is thundering. The thunder stirs up the evil released.

Like the witches, Lady Macbeth also has a role in releasing the dark ambitions of Macbeth as well. Macbeth is very reluctant to react on his instincts to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth is able to ease Macbeth's nerves, and convinces Macbeth that it is in his best interests to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth, full of ambition for her husband, knows darkness must cover their crimes. She calls upon the night as an aid. "Come, thick night, and pall thee dunnest smoke of hell/ nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark." (Act 1, Scene 5, Lines 50-5) At several times in the play Macbeth invokes the night as well, a universal symbol of evil. Macbeth says,

"Let not light see my black and deep desires."(Act 1 Scene 4, Lines 51) Once the potential for darkness of Macbeth releases, he depends on it to help him with his deeds. The night of the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth calls on the night to hide his evil doings. Shakespeare emphasizes this when he sets the mood through a comment made by Banquo. "...There's husbandry in heaven, / their candles are all out..." (Act II, Scene 1, Lines 6-7) The dark night in other words, reflects the dark desires of Macbeth.

Macbeth desires to be king. After Macbeth succeeds the first time, by going against his conscience, Macbeth is confident in killing others now. He turns his nature of being dark. Macbeth, known as a tyrant during his reign on the throne, becomes numb to all emotion. Macbeth losses all respect for the lives of his people. He becomes selfish at the expense of his own people. Killing is no longer a moral issue with Macbeth. He impulsively kills Banquo and Macduff's family with no remorse. Macbeth is out of control; darkness has taken over his soul.

This potential of darkness in which Macbeth and his wife inflict upon themselves embodies their persona. Macbeth only realizes the consequences of his actions when it is too late. He feels lonely to a point where he views dying as an escape from his friendless and joyless life. Similar to Lady Macbeth who chooses death as an escape from her guilt of the murders committed that haunted her as she slept. She ends up committing suicide most likely because she could not handle the torment of her conscience any longer. The darkness that takes form in both of these characters naturally leads to their internal destructions. The Elizabethan's "Natural Order of Things" serves as justice at the end of the play diminishing the presence of all forms of evil from the throne and restoring the rightful heir.

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Fetal Rights: Another Chance to Subjegate Women.

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For most of our history, women have been subservient to the dictates of men and their discriminatory laws. Women were nothing more than chattel, owned by the men in their lives, first their fathers and then later their husbands when they were given over in holy matrimony. Yet the feminine spirit is strong; women persevered, fought back, and eventually won the rights to be viewed as equals under the law, socially becoming man's equal in all areas. An impressive accomplishment, yet one that is threatened by the very legalities of fetal rights. Political Science Professor Rachel Roth of Washington University argues that the fetal rights movement has created a "maternal-fetal conflict" by claiming that fetuses are autonomous life forms, placing women in a struggle with their fetuses over basic sovereign rights (). The very logistics behind fetal rights is a deprivation of a woman's basic rights guaranteed under the Constitution.

For the first time in history, women have control over their reproductive abilities; their choices are limitless, however, it seems as if society is uncomfortable with the availability of choice offered to a women. No longer is it about the right to choose between giving life or not; the key issue these days has become about how a woman comports herself while pregnant. As if women have not been making these life style choices for a millennium while pregnant.

When did the rights of a fetus supercede the autonomous rights of a woman? Supports of the fetal rights movement would have us believe that life of the fetus should always take precedence over that of a woman's. According to Heather Boonstra, senior public policy associate at the Alan Guttmacher Institute, the fetal rights laws are deeply disturbing because "[they] enshrine into law the concept of fetus as person"(qtd. in Los Angeles Times). At this point in time the state can only claim compelling interest when the fetus can survive outside of the womb, but with the advent of such legal rhetoric it would be possible for the state to seek federal benefits, bring lawsuits, and claim civil rights all on behalf of the fetus. Blake Gunderson, a prosecutor in Fresno County, Calif., said, Does a fetus deserve any less protection than a grown adult, just because it hasnt been born yet? (qtd. in Los Angeles Times).

The issue here being, can a fetus be defined as a person with rights? Since 17 the Supreme Court ruled has reproductive freedom is part of the constitutional right to privacy, basically meaning that the fetus of a pregnant woman is an inherent part of her until delivery. Yet all of these fetal protection bills, specifically the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, have deliberately used the term unborn child in an attempt to force the Courts into recognizing the fetus in terms of a person other than apart of a pregnant woman. In defense of defining a fetus as person, Clarke Forsythe, president of Americans United for Life, said, you treat the fetus as an appendage; you exclude it from the category of human beings" (qtd. in Los Angeles Times). Yet how else should a fetus be defined, other than an extension of a pregnant woman? By its very nature, a fetus relies on a pregnant woman for its very existence; it cannot eat, breath, or survive without the protection of a woman's womb.

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Traditionally, the courts have maintained that words such as child, person, or human being may not be expanded to include fetuses (Paltrow). This means that a woman, nor a third party, could be responsible for any actions damaging a fetus, outside of punitive damages awarded to the pregnant woman. Yet, in an attempt to create litigation against third parties for damages suffered by a fetus in utero, the courts have opened up door into allowing women to be prosecuted for their actions while pregnant. According to Caitlin Borgmann, state legislative coordinator for the American Civil Liberties Unions Reproductive Freedom Project in New York, all the new legislation is "[intended] to take attention away from the woman, and define the fetus as a separate legal entity" (qtd. in Christian Science Monitor). With separate legal status, the state could feasibility sue a pregnant woman for any action considered to be harmful to her fetus. A woman could be charged with child abuse when failing to follow a doctors orders regarding exercise, taking vitamins, keeping excess weight off, or staying in bed ("Fetal Rights"). As suggested by Harvard University law professor Martha A. Field, laws that control or punish errant mothers-to-be set a dangerous precedent, indeed there is no logical stopping place once the state assumes the role of making medical-lifestyle decisions for the woman,"(qtd. in "Fetal Rights").

Such policies set a dangerous precedence, placing not only the pregnant woman at risk, but also the very viability of the fetus at risk as well. If women are subjected to prosecution for actions they take while pregnant, the chances are they will not disclose vital information to their doctors, or perhaps they might even shun pre-natal care all together, in an effort to protect themselves from legal proceedings. It is common knowledge that pre-natal care is vital to producing healthy babies, yet the fetal protection policies would slowly drive expectant mothers away. Proponents of the fetal rights agenda would have us limit the rights of a fully functioning citizen on the off chance that they will engage in an illicit activity; that is not how our government works, nor should it be allowed to. Yet a law protecting the viability of a wanted fetus is something wholly different from granting it full personable rights under the law. A woman does not stop being a citizen, a freethinking, feeling, autonomous person simply because she carries a fetus inside her womb.

Works Cited

Lloyd, Jillian. "Causing a Miscarriage an act of murder?" Christian Science Monitor.

(Feb 000). . General Reference Center Gold. Infotrac. Delta College Lib.,

University Center MI. 1 March 00.

"Fetal Rights Fetal protection detrimental to women's rights" Futurist. 66 (Nov-Dec

1) 54(). . General Reference Center Gold. Infotrac. Delta College Lib.,

University Center MI. 1 March 00.

Paltow, Lynn M. Punishing women for their behavior during pregnancy an approach that

undermines womens health and childrens interests. New York Center for

Reproductive Law & Policy, 16. http//www.nida.nih.gov/PDF/DARHW/000- v-x_Contents.pdf. 1 March 00.

Roth, Rachel. Making Women Pay The Hidden Costs of Fetal Rights. Ithaca Cornell

University Press, 000.

Simon, Stephanie. "A Question of Fetal Rights, or Politics?" Los Angeles Times. 8 May

001. http//www.latimes.com. 0 March 00.

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Solution Design

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Solution Design

Patsy's Pastries is a corporation that used an old computer system, it was not timely or flexible to meet the company's expanding needs. When production grew, the hardware and software used were no longer compatible to allow integration of new divisions; making it difficult to keep track of production, inventory, and tracking distribution. Since the vendor no longer supporting the old system, Patsy's Pastries searched for a new technology that would help fulfill the specific company's needs. We will discuss how implementing a new hardware and software can better meet the company's needs and also be financially beneficial for the company.

Evaluate which technology is appropriate.

Today's technology has transformed the way we work, causing businesses to depend more on computer. With better and faster computers, the need for better software follows. The task of choosing a new hardware and software system is not an easy job. Before choosing, the company must recognize the current issues affecting the business and have a well designed information system to better manage all levels of the company, and to have access to daily activities for marketing, sales, and manufacturing. A cost analysis should be done to determine the price and licensing of the software and hardware. Choosing the right business management solution means balancing the short and long term goal that matches the business needs as well as the budget.

Software

Recognizing the importance of integrated functionality, two software systems were considered and compared. Microsoft Navision Attain and 1EDI Source Inc. both met the food industry requirements and criteria of Patsy's Pastries. The software programs were efficient and extensible and included features like bar code of distribution, e-commerce, inventory management, order entry, purchase order/receiving and human resource to help increase productivity. Both programs offered support and capability to easily train employees, lower costs, save time and labor, increase organizational efficiency, improve workflow management, and obtain comprehensive inventory management. Both companies are keeping up with consumers' demands, in particular Microsoft Navision Attain. Some advantages are that it is fast and very customizable, strong international system and excellent for manufacturing; with the price range of $0,000 to $100,000. Microsoft Navision Attain is expensive especially with the Microsoft new assurance policy and fee. 1EDI Source Inc., on the other hand offers more features and still making its software accessible to companies like Patsy's Pastries, that seek quality software systems at a reasonable cost, of a price range of $10,000 to $50,000.

Hardware

Together with the EDI software system, a handheld computer compliments its function to exchange business data between their respective computer systems, rather than through other conventional means. The advantage of implementing a hand held computer is to save time by eliminating information gathering and manual entry. It also benefits the supplier by reducing sales ticket errors, and is more convenient for customers with a centralized automated distribution operation. With one, Patsy's Pastries can scan and process thousands of invoices making information available from Dallas to the east coast offices immediately. The requirements needed to work in conjunction with EDI, is to have a multiple integrated scan with key pads, customized with multiple scanner options, and an eight hour battery capacity. Intermec Technologies Corp. carries a compatible 60 mobile computer, and LXE carries a handheld M7100 computer. Both hardware systems meet the requirements with features that include scan UPC codes instead of keying product number, and batch warehouse inventory with scanning/optional. The Intermec Technologies Corp. has additional features. The price range for the LXE is $1,00 and for the Intermec Technologies Corp. M7100 is $1,500. Patsy's Pastries chose the LXE, M7100 because the added features of the Intermec Technologies Corp. 60 mobile computer, added to the price.

Conclusion

By implementing the handheld hardware system with the EDI software, it has improved the business efficiency by eliminated mistakes, saving time and labor. Significant cost savings are realized with the reduction of errors that incurred with the previous system. Businesses depend on computer hardware and software systems to provide solutions to improve and better meet the company's needs. Implementing them has proven to be financially beneficial for Patsy's Pastries.

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Heart of darkness

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Human nature is a complicated and intricately difficult thing to define. Personally I believe there are many different ways you can perceive it and there is one main question. Whether people adapt or adopt. To me that is the unknown, it is near impossible to tell which is true, and this book has several events of changes in human nature where you really cannot tell. People tend to look down upon people who come from poorer and/or different cultures just because they act or behave differently. However they don't take into account that people's surroundings are different and people are different because of this. I think people need to realize this, and understand that because of human nature they would probably change as well. In this book changes like this are fairly obvious, and I feel this book was partly designed to portray this message.

The first obvious example of this is the gradual change made as they settle down on the island. At first they try to be organized and tried to use old techniques that had been used in the civilized modern world. They tried to create a fair democracy in which everyone would be treated equally and one person would control the proceedings. They also gave out jobs and set up systems to help run the island more smoothly. However gradually greed overpowered and animal instincts began to take over. Slowly the neat controlled system they set up was torn apart as people did what they wanted free from the usual rules and chains of the real world. The refusal of Jack to help the others is one example of this and when he speaks out against their leader (Ralph) saying "We need meat.." pg.5, an argument is inevitably started and sides are taken. This was their world and they decided they could do what they wanted in it. Enemies were forged and slowly they turned into animals, fighting among each other in struggles for power and survival. All natural order was lost and everyone was different from what they once were, the surroundings had changed them.

Secondly the children's senses of right and wrong were altered. Like animals it now seemed the rules were up to them to decide. Although not everything went, there was no one to say you couldn't do it, and slowly people forgot their old ways and did what they want. A perfect example of this is the increase of violence and the killing of Simon and Piggy. "There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws" the killing of Simon is described as though the children were animals or beasts themselves. It seems gradually human nature takes over and Darwin's theory comes into play, people fight and kill each other for their own survival. Also new rules are set up by the strongest members of the group that would have been wrong in the real world they were used to. For example the worshiping of the pigs head would have been severely frowned upon, yet they still did it.

The final example is shown when rescue finally comes. Most of the children are shocked and break down because they realize they have to go back and change back. Although they are very happy, they realize they are going to have to be restricted by society's rules again. They were going to have to replace the mask that covered up their new found human nature and natural instincts. It was difficult for them to accept that they would have to change back and return to how they once were. As Golding writes "Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy." He weeps because his eyes have been opened to the true horrors of man, and he has seen what human nature really is capable of. Order Custom heart of darkness paper

My definition of human nature is a complex one, but I believe that human nature is determined by your surroundings. In an organized controlled environment where laws apply, you naturally behave normally as there are no threats on your life and it's the easiest way. However on a deserted island the situation is different and you need to adapt to suit the new surroundings. Your life is threatened and so you follow your human nature to defend yourself and fend for your own good. However the question is still open as to whether the boys adopted the changes that took place or they changed within themselves and adapted. Human nature is simply how you react to different circumstances, your mind will adapt or adopt necessities needed for the situation and your body will follow.

Civilisation and Savagery

When the boys first arrived on the island they automatically seeked for some kind of law and order since there are not any grown-ups. They want to belong to a group, with someone in charge to lead them, and make them feel safe. After being chosen in a democratic election, Ralph becomes this leader.

Ralphs society becomes a symbol of the democratic society, where everyone has their rights and an equal say. He assigned the choir as hunters and Jack the position of being the leader of them. The conch becomes an important symbol for authority and civilisation, anyone who holds it has the right to be heard. In Ralphs society everyone works for the benefit of the whole group. Building shelters, looking for food and keeping the fire alive are the three most important issues.

After a period of time this society starts to brake up. With the fear of the beastie, the boys have become terrified of this creature which lead up to the death of Simon and then Piggy. But there is a difference between these two deaths, as Simons death was accidental and Piggys death was deliberate. This shows the darkness inside mans heart, which is released when mankind becomes savages. Fear is what provokes savagery, as Roger lost control of his actions because of fear. With the destruction of the conch along with the death of Piggy, it also shows the destruction of authority and civilisation.

Jack and the hunters show that mankind are inheritantly evil, if left alone to take care of themselves, fear will turn tem into the savage roots of the ancestors. This is shown near the end of the novel with the killing of piggy and the hunting of Ralph. Though at first Jack felt guilty for killing Simon, because he was still civilised, however as time goes on it turns into a thirst for blood, to kill anything that stands in his way to become the leader of the island.

Ralph represents fairness and morality while Jack represents evil and the decay of civilisation. Piggy symbolizes the law and order of the world they left behind. He attempts to act accordingly to an absolute set of standards. Roger symbolizes mans natural tendency to cause harm to others, as he evolves into a terrorist, a savage, eager to throw rocks, roll boulder and throw spears at his fellow tribe members and act as a follower of Jack to do his dirty work for him.

Fear and frustration provokes the darkness of mans heart, without any law and order man will turn into savages. The events throughout the novel show the deterioration of civilisation to savagery.

Please note that this sample paper on heart of darkness is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on heart of darkness, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on heart of darkness will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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