Heart of darkness

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Human nature is a complicated and intricately difficult thing to define. Personally I believe there are many different ways you can perceive it and there is one main question. Whether people adapt or adopt. To me that is the unknown, it is near impossible to tell which is true, and this book has several events of changes in human nature where you really cannot tell. People tend to look down upon people who come from poorer and/or different cultures just because they act or behave differently. However they don't take into account that people's surroundings are different and people are different because of this. I think people need to realize this, and understand that because of human nature they would probably change as well. In this book changes like this are fairly obvious, and I feel this book was partly designed to portray this message.

The first obvious example of this is the gradual change made as they settle down on the island. At first they try to be organized and tried to use old techniques that had been used in the civilized modern world. They tried to create a fair democracy in which everyone would be treated equally and one person would control the proceedings. They also gave out jobs and set up systems to help run the island more smoothly. However gradually greed overpowered and animal instincts began to take over. Slowly the neat controlled system they set up was torn apart as people did what they wanted free from the usual rules and chains of the real world. The refusal of Jack to help the others is one example of this and when he speaks out against their leader (Ralph) saying "We need meat.." pg.5, an argument is inevitably started and sides are taken. This was their world and they decided they could do what they wanted in it. Enemies were forged and slowly they turned into animals, fighting among each other in struggles for power and survival. All natural order was lost and everyone was different from what they once were, the surroundings had changed them.

Secondly the children's senses of right and wrong were altered. Like animals it now seemed the rules were up to them to decide. Although not everything went, there was no one to say you couldn't do it, and slowly people forgot their old ways and did what they want. A perfect example of this is the increase of violence and the killing of Simon and Piggy. "There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws" the killing of Simon is described as though the children were animals or beasts themselves. It seems gradually human nature takes over and Darwin's theory comes into play, people fight and kill each other for their own survival. Also new rules are set up by the strongest members of the group that would have been wrong in the real world they were used to. For example the worshiping of the pigs head would have been severely frowned upon, yet they still did it.

The final example is shown when rescue finally comes. Most of the children are shocked and break down because they realize they have to go back and change back. Although they are very happy, they realize they are going to have to be restricted by society's rules again. They were going to have to replace the mask that covered up their new found human nature and natural instincts. It was difficult for them to accept that they would have to change back and return to how they once were. As Golding writes "Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy." He weeps because his eyes have been opened to the true horrors of man, and he has seen what human nature really is capable of. Order Custom heart of darkness paper

My definition of human nature is a complex one, but I believe that human nature is determined by your surroundings. In an organized controlled environment where laws apply, you naturally behave normally as there are no threats on your life and it's the easiest way. However on a deserted island the situation is different and you need to adapt to suit the new surroundings. Your life is threatened and so you follow your human nature to defend yourself and fend for your own good. However the question is still open as to whether the boys adopted the changes that took place or they changed within themselves and adapted. Human nature is simply how you react to different circumstances, your mind will adapt or adopt necessities needed for the situation and your body will follow.

Civilisation and Savagery

When the boys first arrived on the island they automatically seeked for some kind of law and order since there are not any grown-ups. They want to belong to a group, with someone in charge to lead them, and make them feel safe. After being chosen in a democratic election, Ralph becomes this leader.

Ralphs society becomes a symbol of the democratic society, where everyone has their rights and an equal say. He assigned the choir as hunters and Jack the position of being the leader of them. The conch becomes an important symbol for authority and civilisation, anyone who holds it has the right to be heard. In Ralphs society everyone works for the benefit of the whole group. Building shelters, looking for food and keeping the fire alive are the three most important issues.

After a period of time this society starts to brake up. With the fear of the beastie, the boys have become terrified of this creature which lead up to the death of Simon and then Piggy. But there is a difference between these two deaths, as Simons death was accidental and Piggys death was deliberate. This shows the darkness inside mans heart, which is released when mankind becomes savages. Fear is what provokes savagery, as Roger lost control of his actions because of fear. With the destruction of the conch along with the death of Piggy, it also shows the destruction of authority and civilisation.

Jack and the hunters show that mankind are inheritantly evil, if left alone to take care of themselves, fear will turn tem into the savage roots of the ancestors. This is shown near the end of the novel with the killing of piggy and the hunting of Ralph. Though at first Jack felt guilty for killing Simon, because he was still civilised, however as time goes on it turns into a thirst for blood, to kill anything that stands in his way to become the leader of the island.

Ralph represents fairness and morality while Jack represents evil and the decay of civilisation. Piggy symbolizes the law and order of the world they left behind. He attempts to act accordingly to an absolute set of standards. Roger symbolizes mans natural tendency to cause harm to others, as he evolves into a terrorist, a savage, eager to throw rocks, roll boulder and throw spears at his fellow tribe members and act as a follower of Jack to do his dirty work for him.

Fear and frustration provokes the darkness of mans heart, without any law and order man will turn into savages. The events throughout the novel show the deterioration of civilisation to savagery.

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