Motivation

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i am a very motivated person. A Cultural Approach

The cultural and developmental aspects of American history in the 17th and 18th centuries are certainly among the most important and influential factors in the shaping of this countrys long and storied history. Historiographically speaking, there are undoubtedly thousands upon thousands of different studies and opinions on the most influential cultural strides of early Americans well as the pros and cons that each colonial region developed in shaping America and readying it for the Revolutionary Era. Each of these four studies brings a slightly different and even, at times, conflicting approach to analyzing the cultural and social roots of early America, but each one provides a fresh perspective that enhances the idea that America is a true melting pot of ideas, social values, and cultural traits.

Zuckerman, in his article, focuses his attention on the middle colonies and the erroneous tendencies of historians to ignore controversial or pertinent historical issues in favor of obvious, harmless social arguments. Historians have focused on New England as the true birthplace of America because of its early literature and thought that focused solely on Puritanism, and therefore offered an obvious and easy starting point with which to measure the regions cultural metamorphasis. However, as Zuckerman points out, New England was fairly unrepresentative of the real America, as it was a homogenous society dominated by English Puritans and their inflexible doctrines and unstatic customs and economy. The middle colonies, on the other hand, were made up of people of many different origins, races, and creeds, and their interrelationships are definitely more symbolic of American culture. Like most peoples idea of America, the middle colonies developed a commercial culture ba!

sed on a balanced economy, and, besides that, showed no real homogenous cultural traits that ran through the region. Indeed, most of the different groups that coexisted in this region did not intermingle with each other at all, but instead kept their own distinctive cultural and social habits. Because of this, the argument can be made that the middle colonies were not the heterogenous, melting pot culture that Zuckerman claims existed. After all, heterogenous seems to suggest a fusion of different types of people, when in fact these colonies offered more of a clannish type of policy when it came to dealing with their new neighbors. However, the simple fact that they coexisted with relative peace in such a dynamic and volatile atmosphere is evidence enough that the middle colonies were indeed representative of Americas melting pot reputation.Order Custom motivation paper

Jack Greene hypothesizes that the idea of mastery and the relationship between the new colonies and Great Britain were foremost in shaping Americas colonial culture. Greene suggests that the idea of the English who migrated to the Americas was to achieve mastery over the rugged land of America as well as other groups, a mastery that was unavailable to them in their homeland. The problem with this mastery hypothesis is that it covers only the English migration to the New World, and only a relatively small portion of that group. After all, many English people chose to relocate to America for a wide variety of reasons that had nothing to do with mastery over others, and mastery was surely not at the top of their wish list once they arrived in the New World. Greene also advocates relating the culture of colonial America back to that of Great Britain, and that technique can be useful in some ways, such as delineating the differences between the two areas. However, taking thi!

s approach too far can be extremely dangerous, as the English in America were quick to develop cultural traits that had no connection whatsoever to their homeland and a comparison of some of these cultural aspects would only serve to confuse. Also, the many people who came to America from countries besides England would not fit into this historical approach.

Mintz and Price focus their concentration on the development of a distinct Afro-American culture in the New World. Their conclusion that the majority of Afro-American customs and cultures were consummated in the New World and did not directly stem from any particular pre-migration group culture seems sound, even if some of their methods of documentation are somewhat dubious. Their hypothesis can also help to understand the European migration to the Americas, as it seems that the development of mainstream American culture would undergo a similar pattern. With many different people arriving from Europe, it is logical to assume that their intermingling would cause a similar merging of cultural traits that they brought from their birthplaces. Greene would argue differently, and it is true that the fusion of a single American culture took a longer time to develop, but it is certainly likely that the European contingent in the New World underwent similar processes in becoming a!

n independent and self-sufficient group.

Finally, McCusker and Menard, like Zuckerman, focus on the middle colonies and their influence on the colonial period, but their concentration is centered on the commercial aspects of middle America. They see the middle colonies as more of a commercial balancing point between the plantation dominated southern colonies and the manufacturers of New England. Like Zuckerman, they believe that because the middle colonies offered such a balance in commercial capabilities as well as native inhabitants, that they should be seen as the focal point of America in its early years. Menard and McCuskey do give New England more credit than does Zuckerman, as they show that New England did indeed lead the way in foreign trade capabilities, but they also document the rise of Philadelphia and New York as the major urban areas ofAmerica by the mid 18th Century. Overall, Menard, McCuskey and Zuckerman take a similar view on the importance of the middle colonies in colonial America.

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Cold

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Stella, cold, cold, the coldness of hell (Ozick, 86). These few words begin Cynthia Ozicks chilling story, The Shawl. The story takes place on a death march to a concentration camp and later in the camp itself. The opening words establish the characterization of Stella very clearly; Rosa, the protagonist, sees her niece Stella as the murderer of Rosas baby daughter Magda, because Stella, always cold in the camps, took Magdas blanket - the shawl - to warm herself, causing the baby to be discovered and killed.

When we first meet Rosa, she has become physically decrepit. Her mind, however, is still intact. Despite the dislocating effect of the march itself and the foul treatment, she is still capable of logical thought and rational choice. Thus, she conceives a plan to give away Magda, a child she has been carrying wrapped in a shawl. After thinking the plan through, however, Rosa realizes its impossibility and rejects it.

Here we have the operation of a rational mind. Rosa's deterioration proceeds subtly throughout the story. The first mark of deterioration occurs soon after the incident above. Suddenly we are told that, it was a magic shawl (Ozick 87), and this idea is pursued. Ozicks narrator shows the world through Rosas eyes, making us think that Rosa believes in magic. The fact that it doesnt unconditionally protect Magda, but instead is the cause of her discovery by Nazi guards, is evidence of the lack of the shawl's magical properties. Rosa's belief that the shawl is magic quietly reveals the beginning of her deterioration.

Rosas way of seeing is communicated by some of the storys images, especially at the end, is further evidence of her deterioration. In the context of the prison camp, images such as, a clown out of Magdas shawl (88), light tapped the helmet and sparkled it into a goblet (8), and, most pointedly, a butterfly touching a silver vine (8) suggest a mind projecting itself onto the world in order to change reality. The story has a surreal quality that imparts a growing sense of madness.Order Custom Cold paper

The shawl itself functions symbolically on many levels. It keeps Magda hidden from the Nazis. Rosa gives Magda all her food, but in turn this causes Rosas milk to dry up, and Magda takes to sucking the edge of the shawl. On the morning of Madgas death, when Rosa realizes that Magda is unhidden and calling for her mommy because shes missing her shawl, she runs back to the barracks, snatches the shawl away from Stella, but it is too late. And at the moment when Rosa sees Magda hurled against an electrified fence, she stuffs the shawl into her mouth to prevent herself from screaming, knowing that the noise would undoubtedly have caused her to be killed as well.

The fence itself, which also is an important symbol in The Shawl, hums continuously, and Rosa often thinks she can hear grainy sad voices in the noise. At the moment of crisis, when she sees that the soldiers have Magda and knows what the outcome will be, the voices become clear and insistent; they tell her to unfurl the shawl, wave it like a banner, call attention to herself, and do something. She does none of those things; rationally Rosa knows that any of those actions would only seal her own fate, so she gags herself with the shawl instead.

At the end of the story her deterioration is complete she has become an infant sucking on and trying to devour Magdas blanket. With no place to expel of her anger, she retreats into herself entirely. Nothing communicates the final stage of her deterioration as well as the last few lines of the story itself

So she took Magdas shawl and filled her own mouth with it, stuffed it in and stuffed it in, until she was swallowing up the wolfs screech and tasting the cinnamon and almond depth of Magdas saliva; and Rosa drank Magdas shawl until it dried (8).

Rosas steady deterioration to this point portrayed subtly and in depth, communicates vividly the effects of powerlessness on the mind and spirit. Every human being needs a sense of control, however minimal, over his or her own life. Robbed of this sense, the mind and spirit wither. Stripped of autonomy, what can the self do but, like Rosa, fall into fantasy and then madness?

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Culture

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Culture

Integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that is both a

result of and integral to humankinds capacity for learning and transmitting

knowledge to succeeding generations.

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Culture thus consists of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes,

institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and symbols. It

has played a crucial role in human evolution, allowing human beings to adapt the

environment to their own purposes rather than depend solely on natural selection

to achieve adaptive success. Every human society has its own particular culture,

or sociocultural system. Variation among cultures is attributable to such factors

as differing physical habitats and resources; the range of possiblities inherent in

areas such as language, ritual, and social organization; and historical

phenomena such as the development of links to other cultures. An individuals

attitudes, values, ideals, and beliefs are greatly influenced by the culture (or

cultures) in which he or she lives. Culture change takes place as a result of

ecological, socioeconomic, political, religious, or other fundamental changes

affecting a society.

A California high school sophmore Jawaan Rubins, fails to make the

varsity basketball team. As a result, his father Lynn Rubin, sues to have the

coach dismissed. Jawaan, trying to follow in the footsteps of older brother

Janou (a sophomore guard at UCLA), was told he would be on the junior varsity.

When he confronted coach Blake Chong, he was dropped from the JV.

Lynn, who said his family had arranged its schedule to accommodate

the varsity practice times, is suing for $1.5 million in damages. He arrived

at that amount on potential wages lost from Jawaans possible pro basketball

career.

In April 11, in Scottsboro, Alabama, nine black youths were charged

with the rape of two white women. Despite testimony by doctors that no rape had

occured, the all-white jury convicted then and sentenced all but the youngest to

death. In 1, following public outcry, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the

convictions on the grounds that the defendants had not received adequate legal

counsel. Alabama retried and convicted one of the youths; this conviction too

was overturned by the Supreme Court since blacks had systematically been

excluded from the states juries. Alabama retried and reconvicted the defendants

individually, but yielded to public pressure and freed or paroled all but one, who

later escaped.

In 154, a case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously

that racial segregation in public schools violated the 14th Amandment to the

U.S. Constitution. The Court declared seperate educational facilities to be

inherently unequal, thus reversing its 186 ruling in Plessy vs. Ferguson. The

Brown vs. Board of Education (of Topeka) decision was limited to the public

schools, but it was believed to imply that segregation were presented and school

boards were advised to proceed with deliberate speed.

A Chinese immigrant couple were arrested and then charged with

domestic battery for slapping their daughter. Some say the case was about

Culture conflict and other unusual things. In 18, HouLin Li and his wife,

Luying Deng found their 8-year-old daughter had lied to cover up forging her

parents signatures on a teachers note and also that she lied to hide the loss

of her birthday ring. So he slapped her once in the face, and several times on

the arms and legs. Then he took his daughter over to the neighborhood park to

look for the lost ring. A police officer noticed the girls bruised face and

intervened. The officer arrested Mr. Li and his wife, and their daughter was put in

a DCFS shelter for abused children. The situation was so mild by usual DCFS

standards that almost as soon as the parents were released on bond, their

daughter was allowed to return home. And after the couple successfully

completed parenting skills and anger management classes as well as

undergoing family counseling, their Juvenile Court case was closed in the rather

speedy period of five months. In this case, the prosecutor of the Cook County

apparently crossed the line. The pain caused by the government to the kid and

the family may be far greater than the pain by the slapping.

Corporal punishment like the type of discipline in the above case is not

uncommon in China, but usually not on the face. Most parents think some

corporal punishment is a necessary discipline for children. I guess the methods

used to discipline children are really varied in different countries, especially

between developed countries and developing countries. The differences also

have a lot to do with their cultures and traditions.

I believe what we perceive as a different culture varies as we grow. The

more experience that a person has with one culture helps him understand

another culture and think of them as not so different from his own.

A different culture that I have experienced is the Hawaiian culture. When I

previously went there this past year I experienced different things that I thought

were amazing. Things like a pig roasting on the open fire, or the peoples idea

that sixty degree weather was cold. Those things surprised me because it was

different from the culture that I experience living in the little town of Carlisle,

Ohio. The people in Hawaii dressed in very little clothing, as it was warm eleven

out of the twelve months in the year. The people who lived there were friendly to

the tourists for some reason, even though we were annoying the heck out of

them. Everything you saw in the city was designed with tourists in mind. All the

signs telling people the obvious and the millions of ABC gift shops that lined the

streets are just a couple examples of this. But once a person gets down under

all the tourist attractions and into the real culture, he finds the thousands of years

of past that is still hanging around. You get to understand exactly what the leis

were for, where the hula dancers came from, and why they roast pigs over a fire

and them bury them.

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Johnson vs. Clinton

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Andrew Johnson vs. William Clinton

The definition of impeachment is the removal of a high ranking official in the United State government. In this case, these high-ranking officials are our own presidents. Andrew Johnson and William Clinton were both impeached on more than one count of the articles of impeachment. They both under went the impeachment process, and both were acquitted. Who would have known that one hundred and thirty years could pass by and still have the same process working the same as it does today?

The process of impeachment initiates when formal charges are brought against a federal official. The House then refers the matter(s) to the House Judiciary Committee. A majority vote is the first step in the process. The Judiciary Committee reviews and may hold hearings and draws up articles of impeachment. They then investigate whether to offer articles of impeachment to the House of Representatives. Each house on each article separately, and each one that passes is send to Senate for trial. Senate then conducts a trial. If it is the president on trial, the Chief Justice presides and the House members prosecute. The constitution gives the senate "the sole power to try impeachment". Senators hear testimony and seek evidence. They debate the articles. Approval of two-thirds of the Senate vote is required for the official to be removed from office.

Andrew Johnson, our seventeenth president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, wasn't liked very much to begin with. Many people thought he was part of Lincoln's assassination. Also, he was democrat. Another reason many people didn't like him was because of his reconstruction plans. This disparity led to the weakened power of the presidency. He enmeshed in many disputes with the Radical Republicans. Johnson fired Edwin M. Stanton, who was sympathetic to the Radical Republicans. The impeachment in 168 was triggered by Johnson's deliberate violation of the Tenure of Office Act (which states that the president can't fire a person of congress without the consent of the Senate) in which Congress had passed over Johnson's veto. The House (led by the Radical Republicans) held a debate on charges against Johnson. The House voted one hundred twenty-six to forty-seven on the articles of impeachment. They drafted eleven articles to congress. Johnson didn't attend any of the trials.

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The outcome of the trial rested on one swing vote, which is offered bribes by both sides. They vote for two days. Thirty-five republicans vote to impeach, one short of two-thirds. Twelve democrats and seven republicans supported the acquittal. The other 10 articles all lost to one vote also.

William Jefferson Clinton was impeached in 18. The articles of impeachment he was charged for were lying under oath and obstruction of justice. There were allegations that there was a secret White House affair with President Bill Clinton and a young White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. Reports of tape recordings were found where the woman talked about sex and the pressure to lie. This led to the impeachment of Clinton. After three months of hearings, the Judiciary Committee approved four articles of impeachment. Two counts were for perjury (lying under oath), one was for obstruction of justice, and one for the abuse of power. More than two hundred members of the House speak at the thirteen-hour debate. Chief Justice William Rehnquist opens a televised trial. After realizing how time-consuming this trial has been the Senate the limits testimony to four witnesses. The closing arguments follow. The Senate acquits Clinton, falling very short of the votes needed to convict. The vote results were forty-five democrats and ten republicans voted not guilty. On the obstruction article, there was a fifty-fifty split vote.

In conclusion, these two impeachment trials both ended in an acquittal, and both of the presidents were faced by a basically Republican-controlled Congress. The Republicans were trying to topple over the president that they didn't like. The house managers were picked in the same fashion. The Senate kept the same rules in both trials except in the Clinton trial, the members of the Senate were required to turn their beepers off. Both ended in an acquittal. There is no doubt that in another one hundred and thirty years time there will be another impeachment trial just like these.

References

MaGruder's American Government

William A. McClenaghan 00

http//members.fortunecity.com/volcanopele/impeachment_of_andrew_johnson.htm

http//gi.grolier.com/presidents/aae/side/impeach.html

http//abcnews.go.com/sections/us/dailynews/andrewjohnson81007.html

http//library.thinkquest.org/5185/impeach.htm

http//www.vic.edu/depts/lib/documents/resourses/process/stml

http//news-gazette.com/starr-reports/impeach/impeach/html/l.htm

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As Green as an Olive Floating in a MartiniDescriptive Essay

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As Green as an Olive Floating in a Martini

When I finally got home after a long weekend out of state- I decided to go and do my laundry. As I reached my hand into the warm dryer, I pulled out all the fresh laundry, I had always loved the smell of fresh laundry; it had that great smell of home and safety. As I pulled the rest of the laundry out, I came across one of my favorite sweatshirts. It was the color of an olive floating in a martini glass with white chocolate colored writing.

My eyes gazed from the left side of the sweatshirt to the right side to read TRIPLE FIVE in large block lettering; sewn on with white zigzag stitching. My eyes gazed slightly below to read the word SOUL in the same lettering as above. As my eyes continued to glaze around the shape of the sweatshirt, I noticed the white chocolate colored drawstrings that seemed to resemble shoelaces. The drawstring added a decorative touch, but also controlled how tight or how lose the hood would be. My eyes scrolled down the left arm, and came across a small patch inx4in outlined all the way around with a fine black line; it then was divided into five boxes each different sizes. The first section in the upper left read TRIPLE FIVE SOUL in black block letters with SOUL written in orange cursive lying between the words Triple and Five. As I looked left at the patch in a long skinny box that read

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I the box right below the patch, it read in large olive green block letters T5S and in small black letters going across, I read MYC BOROUGH BROOKLYN'. Placed directly underneath that it read 718 AREA CODE. My eyes continued to gaze from corner to corner catching every detail. In the next box just left of the area code, it had a place for your NAME___________, then under that a place for your SERVICE NO____________, with 0055-718-1111 written side ways going over the line for your name. Finally, in the fifth box going the whole length of the patch was in large black block letters it read Since 18. Then in navy blue cursive lettering it said Soul and the lettering went from the middle of Since 18, and then traveled off the small patch on the sleeve of the sweatshirt.

As I took my eyes off the sleeve, I then put the sweatshirt over my head as the fuzzy lining glided across my face and arms I could feel the warmth coming from it; it was as if it has just been baking in the oven. It was a big sweatshirt that hung over my fingertips and hung down beyond my waist; I almost felt like I was a kid again wearing one of my parent's sweatshirts. It was nice and soft on the outside and nice and fuzzy on the inside. I then placed my hands in the large pocket placed in the center of the sweatshirt right below the lettering SOUL; I then felt the same warm fuzzy lining that my Arms felt when I first put it on.

As I covered my head with the over-sized hood, I got a whiff of the most wonderful smell; I could smell the wild flower laundry detergent; it smelled just like fresh wild flowers in a garden on a hot summer day. It sent sweet thoughts through my mind making me fel0l fresh and alive. It was the smell of my house and my clothes, a smell that reminded me of a safe, warm and cozy place. It was the sweatshirt the color of an olive floating in a martini that made me feel the safety of home.

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Baseball-America's Pastime?

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I recently watched the World Series on television and I was surprised by the fact that I didn't think it was as exciting as I usually think it is. I wondered if other people felt the same way about the Series and if baseball should still be considered "America's Pastime." I am going to look at baseball and compare it to the other major sports in the U.S., mainly football and basketball, to decide whether or not baseball is still the most enticing sport in America. Baseball is my favorite sport and I think my search will prove that baseball should still be considered "America's Pastime."

Baseball seems like it's not as successful as it used to be. This year the television ratings for the World Series were the lowest ever, down 4% from last years, which were the lowest up until then (Des Moines Register, 00). I know that baseball attendance has been on the slide the past few years since the great home run chase in the summer of 18 and I know that the NFL's average attendance has been going up the past few years. I also know that it's not very fair to compare NFL attendance to MLB attendance because baseball is played every day and football is played once a week, but there is also the problem of contraction in Major League Baseball and the NFL doesn't have that problem. I'm not going to argue that football should be considered "America's Pastime" because if you look at amateur participation, baseball compares very favorably to football. I don't know if the constant changes in the diversity of America will affect the nation's tastes in athletics. Soccer will become more and more popular as more people move here from Europe and Central America, and baseball is also very popular with people from Central and South America.

The first thing I looked for to decide which sports are most popular was the average attendances at professional sporting events. It might not be fair to compare all these sports because they all play at different times of the year and they all play a different number of home games, but it looked like baseball attracted a lot of fans considering the frequency of their games. The average attendance for baseball games in 001 was 8,501 people and that's over an 81-game home schedule (http//www.savefenwaypark.com/baade/fastfade.html). Now the average NFL attendance over an 8-game home schedule was 6,816 people in 1 (Athens Daily News, 1). You can say that the NFL doubled MLB in attendance, but baseball played ten times as many home games as the NFL did. If you think about it, those numbers are amazing. You also have to think about if the NFL played 81 times at home every year, would they draw 8,000 people to each game? It's hard to compare the two sports and their attendances, but I think baseball compares favorably to football in that aspect.

There are a lot more professional minor leagues in baseball than there are in any other sport. There are a total of 0 professional baseball leagues (www.minorleaguebaseball.com) and minor league baseball has had record attendance numbers the last few years. Des Moines has its own minor league baseball team, the Iowa Cubs, who is affiliated with the Chicago Cubs. Des Moines used to have its own professional football team, the Arena Football League Iowa Barnstormers and its own professional basketball team, the International Basketball Association Des Moines Dragons. Both of these teams could not survive in Des Moines, but the Iowa Cubs do year in and year out. There could be something behind that though. Jeff Lance, Director of Media Relations for the Iowa Cubs, says that, "The Chicago Cubs pay our salaries. The Barnstormers and the Dragons had to pay their players their salaries. That's why we can charge five dollars a game and they had to charge thirty." So as you can see, the Iowa Cubs don't have to worry about paying salaries and that probably helps revenue and the cheap tickets help raise attendance.

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Major League Baseball is the only major sport threatening contraction and the issue came up because of attendance problems in some cities. The most problematic city is Montreal, Quebec, Canada, home of the Montreal Expos. "The (Iowa Cubs) out-drew the Expos five times this season when they played on the same night. That shouldn't happen." Says Jeff. But, baseball is considered "AMERICA'S Pastime" and not Canada's. I wish I could say though that baseball's attendance problems occurred only in Canada. There is also the idea that they could contract the Tampa Bay Devil Rays or the Minnesota Twins, both American teams. Don't think it's just baseball, there is an NFL team with some attendance problems too. The Arizona Cardinals have not yet drawn 50,000 people to a game this season (www.espn.go.com) and that's by far the lowest attendance in the league.

I learned some strange things while researching this report. I learned that minor league baseball attendance has steadily gone up the past few years while Major League Baseball's attendance has gone down. The NFL's attendance numbers have gone up, but there is no successful second professional league that can even compare. I thought it was interesting that baseball players have gone on strike more than any other sport's athletes and that there are such drastic payroll discrepancies between baseball teams. What I couldn't find though was some real fact or evidence that baseball is not "America's Pastime" anymore. There was nothing that showed me that baseball is not still the most enticing sport in America.

Baseball is still "America's Pastime." Even if the majors have problems keeping their numbers up, the minors keep growing. Football is one of the biggest sports in the United States, but there is not the same passion for football as there is for baseball. Any sport that fills stadiums every day during the summer deserves to be tagged "America's Pastime."

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Early Western Civilizations

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As new civilizations began to form across the western world, each civilization realized how important urbanization, writing, political consent and specialization were. However the most important element to the survival of these new civilizations was geography. The geography and location of early civilizations, allowed them to expand and become highly advanced civilizations.

Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, became the first civilized territory in the world, between 500 and 00 B.C.E.. This era, that ensured the development of cities, was called the Sumerian era. All accomplishments of the Sumerians were influenced by both climate and geography. The geography of this empire, forced the Sumerians to rely on trade and exchange of ideas. Because the Sumerians built their empire between two powerful rivers, their trading system was clearly very advanced. The Sumerians created an excelled irrigation system which in turn began the emergence of cities. These systems took much leadership and careful planning to construct. Although geography was an essential part of the Sumerians life, it led to the end of their empire, due to drought, salinization and damage to land because of war.

The Old Babylonian era another era of the Mesopotamian civilization, between 000-1600 B.C.E., had two major differences from Sumerians. They differed most directly in geography and language. The Sumerians lacked culturally advanced cities. However the Babylonians centered themselves around Babylon, a developed city. By doing so the Babylonians bypassed much of the troubles that the Sumerians faced in building an independent city. Unlike the Sumerians who had spoken a language with no relation to any other civilization, the Babylonians a spoke language that belonged to the Semitic language group. This was a common language in the Mesopotamian area during this time period.

The Hittites made contributions to the history of the Mesopotamian civilization with the geography of their empire. The Hittites settled into their final geographical location between the period of 1450 and 100 B.C.E. This location included the central part of Asia Minor, to later extend sounth-ward along the eastern Mediterranean. This area was rich in metallic ores, especially copper, iron, and silver. Having these rich minerials, gave them an advantage point to where they could trade exclusivly within the area. The Hittites grew rich from thier trade of iron, and became a known power.

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The Assyrian Empire lasting from about 100 B.C.E until 61 B.C.E., shared many characteristics with the Sumerian Empire. They settled along the Tigris river near the northern part of Mesopotamia. They centered themselves around the small-city state of Assur. Contrasting to the Sumerians, the Assryrians lived in a more temperate climate, which helped their land from needing to be irrigated, saving it from the threat of salinization, that ultimatly destroyed the Sumerian civlization.

The Egyptian civilization had one key difference between itself and the Mesopotamian civilization. This major difference was the environment. In the Egyptian civilization after 100 B.C.E, life was completely centered around the Nile river. The Nile provided rich fertile soil, agricultural wealth, a bountiful growing season, and excellent means of transportation. The Nile was the most cherished item that the Egyptians had. Nourishment from the Nile, made their agriculture highly developed. They had crops of wheat, barley, cotton, and a variety of fruits.

Although the Egyptians were deeply embedded in their own ideas, they often shared their knowledge of art and agriculture to better their surroundings. Unlike other civilizations the Egyptians are highly remembered, even though their accomplishments did not have the best influence on the other civilizations. However, their structures, painting, and building design are still fascinating today.

Without these civilizations careful planning on where to locate themselves, many of these small empires would never have survived.

Without the resources that the inhabitants were able to extract from the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers, the world would never be as developed as it is at this time period.

Please note that this sample paper on Early Western Civilizations is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Early Western Civilizations, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Early Western Civilizations will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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