Faust and Monkey

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The most interesting and note worthy set of binary opposites from the reading list in my opinion was in "Faust" and "Monkey." In the text Faust by Goethe there are many example of the struggles between good and evil. At the beginning Faust is introduced as an exemplary servant of God. Mephistopheles and the Lord have a disagreement of his character and the Lord grants him the test Faust. Through out the story Faust begins a downward spiral into the temptations of the devil. The progression through the story leads him deeper into his transformation from almost an angel like state to a demon. Faust starts off as a well respected doctor who saved many lives during the plague, to a murderer. Along the way there are various angels trying to lead him back to the path that he continues to stray from.

In Monkey by Wu Cheng-en the primary binary opposite that was evident to me was that of the student /teacher relationship. The most important was the dominant/submissive. As a student you must submit in order to learn. Monkey greatly wanted to learn how to become immortal, but he constanly struggled with the fact that he had surrender to this higher power in order to achieve his goal. Monkey had many different teachers along his journey that he was constantly rebelling against. His arrogance and ego keep him attempting to change his role in that relationship.

The similarities I found that these two texts share are the strong religious and allegorical importance behind the stories. The story of Faust is a moral lesson in the beliefs of Christianity while Monkey is a story that incorporates beliefs from not only Buddhism, but Taoism and Confucianism as well. Each chapter in Monkey has a moral lesson to be learned that is rooted in the teachings of these three main Chinese religions. The Characters themselves, Monkey and Faust also share this overwhelming drive to become more than what they are. Faust is a seeker of forbidden knowledge and Monkey is a seeker of forbidden immortality. Both characters are being put to the test. Faust is being tested by God and Mephistopheles whether he will continue to be a model servant when tempted by the devil. At the same time Monkey and his fellow disciples (Pigsy and Sandy) are also put to the test of proving themselves worthy. Each of them had created some kind of trouble in heaven and had been kicked out of heaven to live on Earth as punishment. I saw the duality of the student/teacher relationship in Faust that was plainly evident in Monkey. It seemed as though Mephistopheles acted upon Faust as a teacher figure in the ways of evil.

These texts shared a lot of qualities, but there were also some differences. The nature of the story of Monkey is a playful tale written as a satire and full of humor. Although the story takes place in a fantasy setting, the story may have had a historical basis of an early pilgrimage by Hsuan Tsang to India. The work is not of a single person and was also translated to English from its original text in Chinese. The story of Faust was written in as a romantic drama with a realistic setting by a single author Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, a European writer.

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Research on Depression

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Psychology 5

December , 00

Depression

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One of the most common psychiatric conditions is depression. Depression affects both men and women alike, however women are twice as likely to be affected by depressive disorders. By one estimate, 1.4 million women suffer from a depressive disorder; which clearly means that one out of every 10 women will experience a major depressive disorder this year, and one out of every five women will suffer a major depressive disorder in her lifetime. These are illnesses that cause marriages to crumble, disrupt relationships with children and ruin careers. This is clearly known as one of the biggest issues in women's health. The statistics help explain why melancholy is a theme that runs through the work of many female artists, from the poetry of Emily Dickinson, and Anne Sexton to the lyrics of Fiona Apple and Beth Orton. Each in her own way tried to capture the devastating sense of hopelessness that can come to define many women's lives. (1)

First of all, depression simply said is really a physical illness, as well as an emotional illness. It causes people who are struck by it to be despondent, less interested in things that would otherwise hold great interest for them, and are less motivated. These are accompanied by a number of physical symptoms of being tired and not sleeping well, and even anxiety. It's really a whole body state. () Generally, people who are depressed won't feel like getting up in the morning. It is not that they are lazy; it is simply that they just can't do it. Nothing that would otherwise motivate them to get out of bed makes them able to do that. Often people who are depressed can't work to the same degree that they could otherwise at more productive times of their lives, or they can't even work at all. For example, some moms who are depressed want to do the best for their children and give them the best care, but they just cant because they have this depression hanging over them. So, for example, they wont cook the perfect dinner. Theyll pull something out of the freezer. Theyll spend time in bed, or theyll lay down on the couch. It really does just physically affect the whole being. ()

The most common symptoms of depression are

1. Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness.

. Feeling useless, inadequate, bad

. Self Hatred, constant questioning of thoughts and actions, an overwhelming need for reassurance

4. Being vulnerable and over-sensitive

5. Feeling guilty

6. A loss of energy and motivation, that makes even the simplest tasks or decisions seem difficult.

7. Self harm

8. Loss or gain in weight

. Difficulty with getting off to sleep, less frequently an excessive desire to sleep

10. Agitation and restlessness

11. Loss of sex drive

1. Finding it impossible to concentrate for any length of time, forgetfulness. A sense of unreality.

1. Physical aches and pains, sometimes with the fear that you are seriously ill.

In severe depression, these feelings may also include

1. Suicidal ideas

. Failure to eat or drink

. Delusions and/or hallucinations

Depression is much misunderstood by the public, yet it affects many people of all ages. It is estimated that one in five people will suffer from depression at some point in their lives. Depression is an illness where the feelings of hopelessness and helplessness, linkled to the inability to concentrate, may make it hard for some people to carry out normal daily activities. Depression is an illness with a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms, which sometimes make it hard to recognize and understand. ()

Personality may play a part in depression. Although anyone can become depressed under particular circumstances, some people seem to be more vulnerable than others. This may be because of things that have happened in childhood, such as abuse, or because of our individual make up (including body chemistry). A lot of effective, intelligent and creative people suffer from depression and yet make an outstanding contribution to life. Often, information about their depression is only revealed after their death, as people misunderstand the illness. Amongst such people are Florence Nightingale and Sir Winston Churchill, who used to call depression his black dog. Depression can affect anyone and does not reduce your value as a human being. Too many Americans are intolerant of any type of mental illness -- especially depression, which is often dismissed as some sort of moral failure. In a recent poll by the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly half of all respondents stated that depression was a personal weakness -- certainly not a health problem. ()

Of course, we all feel a little sad, dejected, or blue now and then. Fleeting unhappiness may briefly cloud our horizons after we lose a job, break up with a lover, or move to a new town. The profound mourning following the death of a loved one may last for several months -- a completely normal response to a deeply felt emotional loss. The key difference between sad feelings and a true major depression is that sad feelings eventually pass, according to Douglas Jacobs, a Harvard Medical School psychiatrist who has devised national screening programs for depression. ()

Major depression is far more persistent than simple sadness. It descends as a sort of psychic cloud, numbing the soul with the conviction that the bleak outlook will never change. It interferes with sleep, appetite, sexual interest, self-image, and attitude. If you suffer from major depression, you cant just snap out of it. And these dreadful feelings can last for weeks, months, or even years

It is a disorder that costs this country dearly. The federal government estimates the cost of all types of depression is $4.7 billion each year -- $1.4 billion in medical, psychiatric, and drug costs; $7.5 billion in depression-related suicide; and $.8 billion in work absenteeism and lost productivity. (1)

There are several levels of depression severe depression, manic or bipolar depression, post natal depression, and SAD, which stands for Seasonal Affective Disorder.

According to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association, a typical episode of a major depressive disorder lasts at least two weeks and includes most of the symptoms listed in the section above. ()

Not everyone gets depressed in the same way. One may have a major depression (known as unipolar or clinical depression), your feelings of misery may be interrupted by periods when you feel okay. On the other hand, if you have a chronic minor depression (now called dysthymic disorder), youll feel mildly depressed all the time; this constant low-level depression can last for years at a stretch. You may even have both types of depression at the same time. (1)

Contrary to popular belief, the brain and depression and very much correlated together. "It seems probable that the more severe forms of depressive illness are associated with chemical changes in certain parts or pathways of the brain. These changes may he different in the various forms of depression. Whether or not these chemical changes are the cause of depression, rather than one of its consequences, is not known.

In unipolar depression, the changes may include alterations in the number or sensitivity of nerve cell receptors for particular neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) - in particular receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, also known as serotonin), noradrenaline and dopamine. 5-HT is involved in the regulation of impulses, and has a role in maintaining normal patterns of appetite, sleep and sexual activity abnormalities in ~-HT pathways might lead to the disturbance of sleep, increased anxiety and irritability and loss of sexual interest that are seen in many people with depression. Noradrenaline is involved in regulating mood and energy, and possibly has a role in social interactions changes in noradrenaline may lead to the tiredness, loss of enthusiasm and social withdrawal, often seen in depression. Finally, dopamine probably has a role in gaining pleasure, and changes here could lead to the sense of being unable to get enjoyment from usually pleasurable activities. Abnormalities in dopamine may be especially important in patients with bipolar depression.

In people with more severe forms of depression, changes in all three of these neurotransmitters may be important. It seems likely that other messengers are also involved. Also there is some evidence that changes within the brain are linked to changes in the levels of some hormones in the bloodstream." ()

Bibliography

1. Psych-E

Scholarly psychological articles by undergraduate students from around the world.

http//www.envmed.rochester.edu/wwwrap/behavior/jaba/jabahome.htm

. The American Journal of Psychiatry

Developments in biological psychiatry as well as on treatment innovations and forensic, ethical, economic, and social topics

http//ajp.psychiatryonline.org/

. hhp//www.LexisNexis.com

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Human Sciences and Family Essay

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Human Sciences and Family Essay

In the past I haven't really had any experience with human science besides interacting with my family and a small encounter with nutrition . In the eighth our school hosted a career day and there was a nutritionist there she caught my attention and then briefly gave me her job description. She was a nutritionist for the Fairfax County Public Schools and her job was to serve over the basic needs for food and nutrition for the county. After this experience I wanted to become a nutritionist. I began to research the profession on the internet and learn more about it. I felt as though this was the career for me.

When I hear the word human scientist I think of a person who deals with human development in children and families, food,nutrition, and dietics, and fashion design. I see a career that enhances the lives of individuals, families, and communities over time. Human scientist are also nutritionist/ professionals that support families and individuals needs for nutrition. This is a career that is in need.

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I could refer the term human scientist to myself but I don't think that I am quite there yet. I have some qualities that would relate me to the profession whether it is in the child / family organization or the food and nutrition organization. As for family I am a very family oriented person and can truly understand the complexity within a family. When it comes to food and nutrition my experience isn't as strong but I do know the importance of all health issues. It important to have a balanced diet and take of your body. Everyone is different in the way that there body takes in food and digests it only you and maybe your nutritionist know your body.

A family is a unit or team. A unit and a team are similar because it is working together for a common goal just like a family strives to keep their household together. Family to me whether it's a tribe or a stock cannot me destroyed. A family equals one whole. Keep in mind that just because a family cannot be destroyed doesn't mean that they don't have problems. The wellness of family is dependant on the people that are within it. Everybody doesn't and won't always get along and that's where the emotional and verbal communication in the family kicks in. Family is priceless and should be not be played with without family you have a sense of loneliness, your family is always there to fulfill a place when it is feeling empty so love and keep your family close to you.

In this profession family is of most important elements. Our profession specializes in family development and family and consumer resources. So we as human scientist need to understand family and the background of it in order to perform our duties accordingly. If we don't have a keen sense of understanding then how can we as professionals serve families and support them and their needs.

My speciality is nutrition and to my knowledge "thinking about families" does not have that much of an importance value. I feel as though nutrition is more focused on food and nutrition programs, they help with healthy eating habits and try to prevent illness. Nutritionist help with medical and nutritional needs they also manage food health departments. Families don't really tie into it unless maybe it is a family that's deals with obesity or vise versa. It can even be a family that just wants to be healthy.

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Bill

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The consolidation of the media, resulting in information being distributed by fewer and fewer sources is an issue of global significance that has fundamentally impacted the way I think and behave. Over the past few decades, the companies that finance the mass media around the world have become fewer and fewer, and larger and larger. The merger between AOL and Time Warner is only the most visible of a series of similar buyouts, takeovers and mergers. The nightly news is now owned by three huge corporations who all hold similar interests, the radio waves are now controlled by conglomerates ensuring for a bland uniformity across the entire nation and the daily newspapers of almost all major cities are controlled by companies that overlap from city to city. The result of this is a disturbing trend toward a uniformity of opinion. The same points of view are expressed through different sources and the stories which are reported on in one source will of course be reported in the other, leaving stories which go unreported to stay unreported. Orwell's dystopia gave the government a monopoly on the media and information, yet now we may need to fear the multi-national corporation as Big Brother.

Of course I am exaggerating and over-dramatizing the situation. We still are far off from telescreens and thought police. There still is room in the media for differentiated opinions and stories. However, sadly it cannot be denied that the current trend is towards less diversity and fewer points of view. Given this trend, I have made a conscious effort to view, listen and read things that deviate from the mass media. I have also tried to think and act more independently, and avoid conformity as a matter of principle. This is not to say that I won't watch the news on ABC, or that I won't read USA Today or Time, or that I don't ever listen to the radio. Instead when I do these things I do so with the knowledge that there is an inherent bias and that it's often best to read or listen like a cleaver chopping away at the fluff in order to gain to gain a clear perspective on the article or song.

What has all this resulted in? I would like to think that I am now better at assessing a situation and forming my own substantiated opinion. This has made me feel more like an individual and have felt more comfortable with who I am as a person. I know feel comfortable discussing and defending any number of subjects because I am relating my own personal ideas, not simply spewing forth "the party line." When I look back, this process of becoming more of an individual seems remarkable to me. When I examine who I was four years ago and who I am now, the difference is astonishing. I wish to attend Northeastern so that I can continue this process of self-discovery and become the thoughtful individual I know I and be.

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Egypt and Rome- Anthony and Cleopatra

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Egypt and Rome

Tim Archment

Shakespeare's Anthony and Cleopatra is based in the Mediterranean, and to be more exact, mostly in Egypt and Rome.

Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt lives a life of luxury followed by servants, feasting and partying all throughout her days. Egypt is a conquered world, where the victors can revel in their glory, often in sexual activities, alcohol, and feasting. It is very much more feminine than Rome.

Anthony, one of the three great leaders of the world, a man with whom great responsibility lies, should be living in Rome, yet chooses to spend his time relaxing and neglecting his duties in Egypt. This is surely an indication of how comfortable life in Egypt is, when a man with such great duties can forget them, in the face of something so amazing as Egypt. Rome, is a masculine and military based city. It's a very austere place, disapproving of Cleopatra's much more exciting and excessive environment.

Shakespeare uses the locations to show the mood changes in his play, Egypt is typically more jovial and relaxed than Rome, who shares a tenser, atmosphere. In act 1 scene two we can see Cleopatra's maids conversing, drunk, at a party to a soothsayer. Then in act 1 scene 4 we see Caesar and Lepidus sharing tense conversation about there whereabouts of their partner in world ruling, Anthony.

We can see very quickly that the places the characters originate from reflect vividly through their characters.

Cleopatra is a dramatic lady, typically over the top, powerful and clever, with a love for the luxuries of life. We can see easily she is from Egypt, a land where feasting is a regular occurrence, and riches beyond belief are displayed whereever you go. A lavish lady, from a lavish land.

Anthony however is meant to be a disciplined man, whose honours and duties lie to Rome. He is never meant to forget his duties to Rome, and certainly not ignore them in favour of a 'strumpet' as Philo calls her. We can see Anthony's more disciplined side emerge particularly when he feels the strain of his duties calling, such as when news of Fulvia's death reaches him. He says 'I must from this enchanting Queen break off' showing us his noble side.

We see that the people of Rome aren't as absorbed by luxuries as the Egyptians are. Whenever we see Cleopatra she is followed by her servants and often fanned by Eunuchs also in her trail. However when we see Rome's characters maids or Eunuchs doesn't follow them. This is definitely reflective of their home country, Egypt lavish and luxurious, and Rome, disciplined and honourable.

We can see such a contrast between Egypt and Rome, just as wee see a contrast between their respective people.

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Electricity

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Electricity

Electricity has given us so many things; one thing electricity has played a major part in are sporting events. Without Electricity there would be no television. Another thing Cars would not be the travel machines they are to us in today's society. Electricity has brought the most far reaching and lasting changes to civilization because of, sporting events, television, and cars.

Without electricity sporting events would not be the same. One thing that would not be possible without electricity is the jumbotron or as some call it the scoreboard. Without electricity we would not be able to see ourselves up there during commercials, we would not be able to see slow motion dunks in replay. Without electricity it would not be possible to see the score from anywhere in the building. Without electricity our games would be limited; we would still have games, although we would not be able to have night games or sometimes even dome games, because of the bad weather. Without electricity we would not be able to have; cameras catching all the action that goes on in our sporting events. We could not see things like espn; because of no electricity they could not use cameras at the games. Sporting events are not the only reason that electricity was the best discovery.

Without electricity there would be no television or radio.

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We would not be able to watch the shows we love so much.

They would not be able to make the shows because they would have no place to plug up the cameras. With no electricity we would have no way of knowing the news and the weather, because of no electricity we would have to wait weeks for someone to write a letter and then mail it. If there were no electricity we would not be able to listen our precious music that we all love so much; they would not be able to get the computers on at radio stations. Television and radio are not the only reasons electricity is the greatest discovery.

With no electricity our cars would not be the great travel machines they are to us today. If there were no electricity then we would not have lights in our cars and, not be able to see the road. Without electricity cars would not run the way they do; we could not have the speed cars we have on the road. The cars will not have the electric currents that they have going through them. If there were no electricity then we would not have the special things we have in our cars like G.P.S. or global positioning system. With out electricity we would not have televisions that would help us on long drives or just going across town.

Electricity has brought the most far reaching and lasting changes to civilization because of, sporting events, television, and cars. In conclusion without electricity our society would be in the stone ages; and have none of the things we enjoy like night sporting events, television, and cars.

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'Made in China': China's Leading Brands 2001

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1 Introduction

1.1 Definitions & Report Coverage

This report examines the background and strategies of Chinas leading domestic brands. The brands are ranked by their values in the marketplace and represent some of the major household names in China many of which have the potential to become global brands. This report includes only wholly domestic brands and not successful foreign brands in China such as Coca-Cola, VW or Kodak, etc.

1. Executive Summary

The concept of brand value, or brand equity, is still relatively new in China. Indeed the government has only been measuring company worth in terms of brand value for seven years.

As local brands have increasingly had to both compete with each other for consumers attention and face competition from foreign brands so the growing importance of advertising has come to be realised. At first Chinese brands appeared only to understand the concept of saturation advertising. However, advertising is now becoming increasingly sophisticated and targeted.

The need to better target the consumer has been a hallmark of many successful brands whether it be Legends range of affordable computers with bundled software, Hongqis better designed vehicles or Erdos closer attention to garment design. All the major brands have successfully made the shift from the state command economy to a more market-oriented economy.

Typical of this process within the leading brands is Ni Runfeng, the CEO of Changhong Electronics (the third biggest brand in China). Ni is still constantly examining the Chinese consumer market closely and is a keen observer of social trends, now targeting the companys products at those families with an annual income exceeding RMB 0,000 per annum with living rooms of approximately 0 square metres. Ni believes that this analysis gives Changhong a potential market of ten million Chinese families with the number increasing annually. He is keen to improve the companys competitiveness and brand recognition against his two major domestic competitors ? TCL and Haier (number two and five brands in China respectively).

The need to expand overseas is also recognised by the senior managements of Chinas leading brands. For instance second placed Haiers CEO, Zhang Ruimin, has stated that in his view, the key to the Groups rapid growth will continue to rely on an internationalisation strategy, especially with the development of the Internet economy and Chinas pending entry into the WTO. Much of the companys success has been attributed to the companys CEO, Zhang Ruimin, who has been applauded both at home and abroad for his creative leadership and corporate management practices. The Group has employed the OEC management model to its market chains, and has progressed from being a borrower of ideas into becoming a successful innovator in business development.

While a brand like Haier has started to earn a reputation abroad in its own right, other leading Chinese brands have become suppliers overseas, though these brands may not be instantly recognised. An example of this is Erdos, the cashmere company from Inner Mongolia. Erdos has been superb at developing reasonably priced cashmere garments for the domestic and international market. Globally, department stores now carry reasonably priced cashmere sweaters as do the large US mail-order catalogues, such as Lands End and LL Bean. These sweaters are mostly Chinese made and mostly by Erdos.

New product innovation is also a hallmark of many of the leading brands. This is true for the electronic appliance manufacturers as well as the pharmaceutical companies and automobile makers. Though this is more difficult for a long-standing brand with little scope for innovation such as Hongtashan cigarettes, other brands that have been around a long time have found ways to innovate. For instance Erdos, Chinas largest cashmere garment manufacturer is working on a range of new products to suit the changing global market. These include un-dyed ecologically sound products, products that can be hand washed, cashmere and silk blends, stretchable cashmere, beans cashmere (which is blended with fibres produced from beans) and new superior quality cashmere range under the Super Erdos brand.

There is also an element of succeeding in the market through longevity. Hongtashan cigarettes, the single most valuable brand in China, is an example of this. There is little scope for product innovation (though some rivals such as Double Happiness have introduced esoft packs in recent years). However, longevity and beating the foreign competition are crucial elements to brand success in China.

1. Overview of Chinas Leading Brands

Hongtashan, the Chinese leading cigarette brand, is the most valuable brand in China in terms of revenues. The cigarette brand is found throughout the country and smoked at all levels of society. Unlike some sectors the foreign brands have found problems in China on two fronts. Firstly, access to the market has been severely limited by the national tobacco monopoly, and secondly, despite low prices and extensive marketing and advertising campaigns, the vast majority of Chinese smokers have remained loyal to local brands.

Hongtashan has managed to maintain widespread sales despite being priced at approximately RMB 14. They are popular gift items in carton form still. The company has matched western standards of production and packaging and has widespread distribution as well as a well-known pack design.

However, apart from some sales to overseas Chinese communities, Chinese tobacco brands including Hongtashan, have not managed to win overseas markets. This is not so true of the second largest brand in China, Haier, an electrical appliances manufacturer, that has expanded into markets as diverse as Egypt, the USA and Pakistan. Haier is a massive advertiser in China and its etwo boys logo is universally known. Haier is also seen as a quality brand and one of the few electrical appliance manufacturers in China able to compete with Japanese brands on quality. The company has also diversified out from refrigerator manufacturer into a wide range of appliances including air conditioners, mobile phones, PCs and TV sets etc, allowing the company to tap into the growing taste of Chinese consumers for ebig ticket items.

Like Haier, TCL has diversified from its origins as a phone manufacturer to produce all manner of brown and white goods.

Two beer brands are prominent in the league table. Primary among them is Tsingtao, which remains Chinas best selling beer despite competition from a range of imported foreign beers. The company has acquired a host of smaller regional beers to expand nationwide and has found strong overseas sales, including in Europe and America, through Chinese restaurants. Beijing Yanjing is also a major beer brand, though still overshadowed by Tsingtao.

Changhong Electronics enterprise (a former state-run military-radar factory) located in Sichuan Province. Changhong is based in Mianyang -known as Chinas Television City. The company produces some . million television sets annually and claims a 40% share of the domestic market. In the Chinese press Changhong is often referred to as Chinas Matsushita. Changhong has expanded overseas and established R&D centres in China, Europe and the USA. The company is known for its highly specific marketing plans focusing on the interior and northeastern regions of the country where the potential market was deemed largest and competition weakest. Ni won consumer confidence with a strategy of low return rates, good quality control and heightened after-sales service as well as introducing TVs with remote controls and other additional features. Now the company is concentrating on the Yangzi River Basin area and in Southern China where foreign competition was significantly stronger. In this region Changhong was the first to introduce -inch TV sets.

Legend is at the top of its annual list of Chinas top 100 electronics companies and finds itself in the fast growing PC market in Asia. Legend has the production capability to manufacture three million motherboards and 1.5 million PCs annually. Legend has also started producing palm top computers that provide cost-free access to a news service. At present the company maintains a market share of approximately 0% of Chinas PC market and 1-14% of the total Asia-Pacific market (excluding Japan).

It should be noted that Chinas major brands, despite access to a massive population and growing incomes, are still small by global standards. All 500 brands listed on the most recent Fortune Magazine list of global brand values had turnovers in excess of US$ 10. billion. Contrastingly, the five leading brands in China combined have a turnover of under US$ 5 billion.

It is estimated that it will take at least twenty to thirty years for Chinas leading brands to catch up with the Fortune 500 brands ? Even at a growth rate of 0% per annum. It is also noted that product innovation is largely lacking among the major brands. Patents for new inventions are few and far between reflecting a lack of innovation and technological backwardness.

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