Writing Effective Prose 110/19

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My passion is African Art.

The traditional art of Africa plays a major part in African society. Most ceremonies and activities (such as singing, dancing, Buy Writing Effective Prose 110/19 term paper

storytelling, etc.) cannot function completely without visual art. It can also be used as an implement and symbol of rank or

prestige, or have a religious significance. African art consists mainly of sculptures, paintings, fetishes, masks, figures, and

decorative objects.

Sculptures are considered to be the greatest achievement for African art. A majority of the sculptures are carved from wood

but some are also made of metal, stone, terracotta, mud, beadwork, ivory, and other materials. They are found in many parts of

Africa but mainly in western and central Africa. Many ancient rock paintings have been found in Southern and Eastern Africa.

These paintings are believed to be from to the SAN (Bushman) people. Masks and fetishes are often used to scare off bad things

such as evil spirits, witches or ghosts. They are also used to bring about a desired end-break a bad habit, improve ones love life,

or kill a natural or supernatural enemy.

There are three basic themes of African art. The first is the dualism between bush and village. African tribes wear masks and

headdresses the male is represented by the elephant, the most powerful of bush creatures and the female is delicately coifed to

express refinement and civilization. The second theme of African art is the problematic relationships between the sexes. African

tribes use art as a therapeutic device to deal with the problems and issues dealing with the relations between the sexes. The third

theme is the struggle to control natural or supernatural forces to achieve a desired end. African tribes often use masks in

ceremonies (called Gelede) to please and honor the forces.

For each region in Africa, there is a different style of art. The western Sudan Region have masks and figures representing

legendary ancestors and religious sacrifices. The central Sudan Region art includes mud architecture, embroidered textiles,

elaborate coiffure, metal and beadwork jewelry, and leatherwork. This style usually doesn't represent anything special. The west

Guinea Coast Region use masks and figures to police ceremonies, punish people for doing something wrong, settle land-owning

problems and start or end wars. The Central Guinea Coast Region art employs aristocratic materials. Specialized artists creature

works of art for the leaders that include stools, drums, cloth, pottery, terracotta, figures, miniature masks, combs, mirrors, pipes,

and carved musical instruments.

African art is traditionally essential and optimistic. Without art, there would be no African culture.

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Health Benefits From Exercising

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There is good news for those who shudder at the thought of a grueling, sweaty, "no pain, no gain" exercise routine. Research shows that even a small increase in physical activity can yield big results. The health benefits of such moderately intense physical activity as dancing, gardening, and cleaning house have been confirmed by a number of large research studies (Roberts 8). The scientific evidence is overwhelming Regular exercise leads to a healthier and longer life, with benefits ranging from a stronger heart, muscles, and bones, to improved balance and coordination, to simply getting more fun out of life.

Daily physical activity can reduce your risk for several diseases and conditions. It can prevent heart disease and stroke by strengthening the heart muscle, lowering blood pressure, raising high-density lipoprotein levels (good cholesterol) and lowering low-density lipoprotein levels (bad cholesterol) (Ortlund 4). Exercise also improves blood flow and increases the heart's working capacity. Research shows that people who are physically fit are eight times less likely to die from cardiovascular disease than those who are unfit. Physical fitness also reduces the risk of premature death by 5 percent in men and 8 percent in women (Gregory 5).

Physical activity helps to reduce body fat by building or preserving muscle mass and improving the body's ability to use calories. When physical activity is combined with proper nutrition, it can help control weight and prevent obesity, a major risk factor for many diseases. By increasing muscle strength and endurance and improving

flexibility and posture, regular exercise helps to prevent back pain. When exercise increases the metabolism, it allows the body to burn calories faster, thus aiding in weight control.

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For people with varicose veins, exercise improves circulation, preventing blood from poking in legs and easing leg spasms and fatigue. Exercise training also increases the efficiency of the heart both during exercise and at rest. According to research, exercise improves the circulation of blood to ankles and feet, typically areas of poor circulation in persons with chronic heart failure (Roberts 67). This poor circulation weakens the legs and can make walking painful.

Studies have shown that exercise helps people with arthritis in many ways. Exercise reduces joint pain and stiffness and increases flexibility, muscle strength and endurance. Keeping joints flexible and building muscle strength reduces the functional effects of arthritis and protects joints from further problems. Weight control can be important to people who have arthritis because extra weight puts extra pressure on many joints. Strengthening exercises can be performed to increase muscle strength, which help support and protect joints affected by arthritis.

By reducing body fatness, physical activity can help to prevent and control noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Regular exercise lowers blood sugar levels in people with adult-onset diabetes and is important for good diabetes management (Freed ). It also keeps blood sugar levels in range.

Physically active people also experience less bone loss than inactive persons. The right kind of exercise fends off osteoporosis. Regular weight-bearing exercise promotes bone formation and may prevent many forms of bone loss associated with aging (Ortlund ). Exercise also prevents injuries. Improved balance and agility help prevent falls.

While the long-term health benefits of exercise are significant, it is the immediate daily boost that motivates most people to stick with a program. By exercising on a daily basis, people of all ages notice an improved ability to conduct ordinary activities, such as carrying groceries and running for the bus because of their increased energy and stamina.

Studies on the psychological effects of exercise have found that regular physical activity can improve your mood and the way you feel about yourself. Even a ten-minute walk has been shown to improve mood. Studies also show that in times of stress, active people are more likely than inactive ones to be able to relax. Researchers have found that exercise is likely to reduce depression and anxiety and help you to better manage stress (Roberts 14). Exercisers also tend to be more optimistic about their future, feel more in touch with their bodies, and experience a greater sense of control over their lives.

Exactly how much exercise is needed to get results? A study done at Stanford University's School of Medicine found improved fitness in people who did 0 minutes of moderate-intensity activity daily for 8 weeks. The benefit was realized regardless of whether the activity was performed for 0 minutes continuously or was accomplished in smaller chunks throughout the day (Gregory 5). Even though more intense, strenuous exercise (such as running or swimming in 0-minute blocks) can increase the health

rewards, physical activity in any form and at any level will contribute to a healthier, longer life.

Ironically, the approximately 60 percent of Americans who currently do the least physical activity may have the most to gain by making small changes in lifestyle. According to Public Health Reports, inactive individuals who change their ways achieve the greatest gain in health benefits (Freed 5). Adopting just a few new habits such as walking rather than driving to the store, climbing the stairs rather than taking the elevator, and taking a walk after dinner each evening can lead to dramatic improvements and keep you feeling young.

Consistency, moderation, and self-awareness are the keys to preventing injuries. It's safer to exercise on a consistent, regular basis (0 minutes a day for 4 days in a row) than to do nothing all week and overstress you muscles in a -hour Sunday workout (Roberts 8). Moderate workouts that are vigorous but not too demanding are best for achieving health goals.

Self-awareness is also important. Pay attention to the messages coming from your own body and set limits based on these messages. A gentle tug on the muscles, and even some mild soreness, is proof that you're working hard enough. Sharp pain or prolonged achiness, however, means you're doing too much. Your energy level should increase as a result of your activity and you should feel better. If you feel worse, seem tired, or have difficulty sleeping, you are probably overdoing your routine. Other signs of overdoing it

include increases of 5 to 10 beats per minute in your normal resting heart rate, and unexplained weight loss (Ortlund 7).

To find motivation for a daily exercise routine, choose an activity you enjoy doing. Do you prefer competitive or noncompetitive activities? Are you the type of person who likes to exercise alone in the living room to relaxing music? Or would you be more inspired when surrounded by people pumping iron, climbing stairmasters, and taking aerobic dance classes? Also, consider what types of exercise best fit in your schedule. Can you set aside a half-hour in the morning to exercise? Or is midday or evening more realistic?

The most important goal for beginners is to be consistent so that exercise becomes a habit. Weekly goals ("I'm going to walk a total of 8 miles this week") are helpful for sustaining motivation in the short term. Longer-term goals ("By summer I'm going to have enough energy to play tennis twice a week") can get you through immediate obstacles and provide inspiration to keep you going.

The barriers to an active lifestyle take many forms, including lack of energy, ability, support, money, interest, motivation, partners, self-discipline, and time. Identify your personal obstacles, question whether they are real problems or just excuses, and focus on what you can do to overcome them. Illness, bad weather, a job or family crisis, and a thousand other problems can and probably will lead to an occasional lapse in your exercise program. When this happens, don't waste time berating yourself; just start your

program again as soon as possible. But be careful to take the time to rebuild your fitness level.

Many people find that recording their goals, plans, and achievements helps them recognize improvements and stay on course. Start by taking measurements of your waist, abdomen, buttocks, and the middle of one thigh; recheck the measurements in 0 weeks (Gregory 6) . You can also track short-term changes in mood and energy level, and long-term effects on blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol, and blood sugar.

Any physical activity that you can add to your daily life will have a positive impact on your health. Exercise may start out as a means to an end, but turn out to be a meaningful and satisfying experience in its own right. An inactive lifestyle can make you feel "too tired" to have a good time. The physically fit, on the other hand, find they have energy to spare for pleasurable pursuits.

Works Cited

Freed, Paul, and John Pavluk. A Walk A Day. Nashville Thomas Nelson Publishers,

18.

Gregory, Anne. "Healthy Living." Self Jan. 001 5-6.

Ortlund, Susan. The Smart Body. New York David Cook Publising, 1.

"Physical Activity and Weight Control." NIDDK. Online. Internet. 0 April 001.

Roberts, Kenneth. Health, Mind and Body. Connecticut Fawcett Publications, Inc.,

17.

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What the?

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This is so much bull shit

A yo check this mutha fuckin flow This is coming from my mutha fucken dome. This is Miss K-Girl coming up from this mutha beeping real world. Do you know what its the bizza izza um ah a rollen with the rizza now your fellen kinda of high now your fellen kinda dizza. Because ever since i was a kid i wanted to be the biggest dope dealer in the villio but yo im sick of all the dramma i have to hide it from my grandma. but you know what i heard i heard i have to get up and send my kids to school so they can get an eduction get a degree then they can finally take a vaction. Cuz life aint long for a young native queen. im a young million air with out a high school depoloma and now im struggling to get by but lifes a bitch and then you die. Each student will reserach the life of a famous American in 0th Century American History

Each student will select and resarch a person that they ell is a sifinkd What the What the my best frinds are Tanera S. John, Chantel R. Peters. Because there the ones that tought me how to get high and drink like a mutha fucking drunk. This is the first year that were all split up after 4 fuckn years damn thats a long ass time byu kdi idk dklw lwit boom begon your breath is mighty strong i aint trying to be mean but damn you need some lisorine.life aint long for a young native queen. im a young million air with out a high school depoloma and now im struggling to get by but lifes a bitch and then you die. Each student will reserach the life of a famous American in 0th Century American History the first year that were all split up after 4 fuckn years damn thats a long ass time byu kdi idk dklw lwit boom begon your breath is mighty strong i aint trying to be mean but damn you need some lisorine.life aint long for a young native queen. im a young million depoloma and now im struggling to get by but lifes a bitch and then you die. Each student will reserach the life of a famous American in 0th Century American History the first year that were. life of a famous American in 0th Century American History the first year that were all split up after 4 fuckn years damn thats a long ass time byu kdi idk dklw lwit boom begon your breath is mighty strong i aint trying to be mean but damn you need some lisorine.life aint long for a young native queen. im a young million depoloma and now im struggling to get by but Each student will select and resarch a person that they ell is a sifinkd What the What the my best frinds are Tanera S. John, Chantel R. Peters. Because there the ones that tought me how to get high and drink like a mutha fucking drunk. This is the first year that were all split up after 4 fuckn years damn thats a long ass time byu kdi idk dklw lwit boom begon your breath is mighty strong i aint trying to be mean but damn you need some lisorine.life aint long for a young native queen. im a young million air with out a high school depoloma and now im struggling to get by but lifes a bitch and then you die. Each student will reserach the life of a famous American in 0th Century American History the first year that were all split up after 4 fuckn years damn thats a long ass time byu kdi idk dklw lwit boom begon your breath is mighty strong i aint trying to be mean but damn you need some lisorine.life aint long for a young native queen. im a young million depoloma and now im struggling to get by but lifes a bitch and then you die. Each student will reserach the life of a famous American in 0th Century American History the first year that were. life of a famous American in 0th Century American History the first year that were all split up after 4 fuckn years.

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St. Francis

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Saint Francis of Assisi (118-10/4/16) is the co-founder of the Franciscan Order. The son of a rich merchant named Pietro di Bernardone, he was very worldly in his early years. He was held prisoner for several months in 10 during a dispute between Assisi and Perugia. This was followed by a period of illness. Dissatisfied with his life, he turned to prayer and service to the poor. He spent some days in prayer, and then went bravely to see his father. He was now so thin and ill-clad that boys in the streets pelted him and called him mad. The exasperated Bernadone beat Francis, fettered his feet, and locked him up. A little later his mother set him free and Francis returned to St. Damians. His father pursued him there and angrily declared that he must either return home or renounce his share in his inheritance-and pay the purchase price of the horse and the goods he had taken as well. Francis made no objection to being disinherited, but protested that the other money now belonged to God and the poor. Bernadone had him summoned for trial before Guido, the bishop of Assisi, who heard the story and told the young man to restore the money and trust in God. He does not wish, the bishop said, to have His church profit by goods which may have been unjustly acquired. Francis not only gave back the money but went even further. My clothing is also his, he said, and stripped off his garments. Hither to I have called Peter Bernadone father.... From now on I say only, Our Father, who art in Heaven.' Bernadone left the court in sorrow and rage, while the bishop covered the young man with his own cloak until a gardeners smock was brought. Francis marked a cross on the shoulder of the garment with chalk, and put it on.

Francis began to live as a hermit and soon attracted followers. He preached the necessity of a poor, simple life-style based on the ideals of the Gospels. Pope Innocent III approved his way of life, gave him and his disciples permission to preach on moral topics, and had Francis ordained a deacon. The followers increased and were called Friars Minor by Francis, that is, the lesser brethren.

With the collaboration of Saint Clare of Assisi (114-8/11/15), Francis founded a branch of his order for women in 11, called the Poor Clares. Later, he established another branch for lay men and women in 11, called the Third Order. In 11, during the Fifth Crusade, Francis made his famous but fruitless attempt to convert the sultan al-Kamil while the crusaders laid siege to Damietta in Egypt.

Upon returning from the Crusades, Francis retired from the government of the order to a life of contemplation, during which he received the Stigmata, which are the imprint of the wounds of Christ in his own body, and composed his famous poem, the Canticle of Brother Sun. He died on October , 16 and was canonized in 18. Franciss feast day is October 4. Write your St. Francis research paper

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The Most Dangerous Game

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"The Most Dangerous Game," by Richard Connell, is indeed "good literature." Whether a piece of writing is "good" or "bad," in "literature" standards, is a personal preference. Just because a piece of writing is not complex, or deeply layered, or easy to understand, does not mean it's bad literature. In my opinion "The Most Dangerous Game" is good literature because it is well written, interesting, captivating, and enjoyable.

The setting of the short story is in a couple different locations. The story begins in the Caribbean Sea on a yacht, but most of the action takes place on Ship Trap Island. The approximate date of the event is between 1170-140. The main characters in this action-adventure were Rainsford, General Zaroff and Ivan. Rainsford was a great American hunter. He was so good at hunting that he had written many books on hunting. General Zaroff recognized Rainsford from his books. Zaroff was a good hunter as well. He lived on Ship-Trap Island and hunted for fun. H was very wealthy�perhaps because he used to be a general with the czar in Russia. He lived on the Island with his servant, Ivan. Ivan was a very large man-however he was deaf and very dumb. He was just there for intimidation and protection for Zaroff. The two Russians and Ivan come to meet on Ship Trap Island when Rainsford swims to the island after falling overboard his ship. Zaroff hunts human beings for the sport of it, and Rainsford is his next victim. Rainsford is able to elude Zaroff and Ivan for three days so he wins the dangerous game.

"The Most Dangerous Game" is told from the third person's point of view. It is told in centered consciousness for Rainsford during the time he is being hunted on the island by Zaroff (5-57). We get to see first hand the horror and fear in Rainsford as he is trying to save his live by avoiding Zaroff.

There are a couple different themes to this story. The obvious theme is the ongoing battle between good and evil. Zaroff is the bad hunter and Rainsford is the good guy-the innocent victim. Another theme is the issue that all creatures fear some hint. Rainsford who had always been the hunter was the hunted for once. He got to experience the fear that the animals felt when he hunted them. At the end of the third day the roles of fear were reversed when Zaroff discovered Rainsford in his bedroom. That point was the climax of the story. The falling action was Rainsford enjoying Zaroff's bed, so we knew good had triumphed over evil.

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"The Most Dangerous Game" is a good piece of literature. It has a good setting and plot, and the themes in the story are well written. It may not provoke great conversations, but it is a captivating story full of action and adventure.

Please note that this sample paper on The Most Dangerous Game is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Most Dangerous Game, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Most Dangerous Game will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Fuel cells

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Alternatives to Fossil Fuels in Transportation Applications.

Throughout the history of the automobile there has been a competition between the internal combustion engine, or ICE, and the electric motor. In the past the electric motor has never played a serious role in the industry and it has been the internal combustion engine that has been the power plant of choice around the world. Lately there have been several large advances in electric automobile technology such as new battery designs, extremely high efficient motors and lighter construction materials. There have also been several environmental issues such as pollution from the combustion of fossil fuels as well as the inevitable shortage of the supply of fossil fuels. These recent developments in the automotive industry have brought the electric powered car into the spotlight along with its cousin the hydrogen fuel cell powered car. It is clear that sometime in my generation there will be a major switch and our dependence on fossil fuels will be ended whether we are ready for it or not.

Currently there are several hybrid cars that are available to the consumer. A hybrid car is one that is powered by both an electric as well as a high efficiency internal combustion engine. The Insight, which is manufactured by Honda and the Prius, which is manufactured by Toyota are two examples of hybrid cars that are currently available. Both of these vehicles employ similar technology for their gas and electric power. In city driving or whenever speeds are low the vehicles are powered by the electric motor but when on the highway or under heavy acceleration, the vehicle is powered by the gas motor. Both vehicles also employ a "regenerative braking" system, this set up helps to recharge the batteries whenever the car is braking. The batteries are also being recharged whenever the gas motor is running and this means that the car never needs to be plugged in, so the car recharges itself. I believe it is this approach that will most easily wean us off our copious consumption of fossil fuels (http//1..47.06/html/shop/vehicles/prius/technology/prius_technology.html. and http//www.hondacars.com/models/model_overview.asp?ModelName=Insight&BrowserDetected=True ). Write your fuel cells research paper

In the past, electric vehicles have always had a problem with weight because batteries are extremely heavy and until recently one would need a lot of batteries or a very large battery to attain a reasonable range from the vehicle. Recent technological advances have not really lightened the batteries at all, merely they have made the batteries capable of holding a larger charge so the same range can be attained with a smaller battery, thus less weight (Hamilton, William Electric Automobiles 184, page 171). Nearly all car batteries are based on the lead-acid battery, this is a reliable battery and will hold a charge for quite some time but the charge that it does hold is comparatively small to newer batteries such as a nickel-cadmium battery. Ford's sodium-sulphur battery is comparable to the nickel cadmium battery and is capable of holding up to five times the amount of charge as a traditional lead-acid battery of the same weight. These new batteries are capable of extending an electric cars range from the sixty to eighty kilometres such as they were in the seventies and eighties, to several hundred kilometres end even upwards of four hundred kilometres (Ayres, Robert. Alternatives To The Internal Combustion Engine 18 page 0 and Wakefield, Ernest History of the Electric Car 14 page 57).

Possibly the largest problem with electric cars is the inconvenience of charging them, with a gas powered car filling the gas tank is as simple as driving down to the corner gas station and filling up. With an electric car this is a lot more complicated. Even the smaller batteries take upwards of twenty minutes or even half an hour to recharge and this makes the concept of an electricity station that operates similar to a gas station extremely unfeasible. One idea that has been suggested is that of a battery rental station, at one of theses stations one would merely swap out the spent batteries in exchange for fully charged ones. This process would take much less time than charging the batteries assuming that there was a universal battery system and the cars were set up for this (Ayres, Robert. Alternatives To The Internal Combustion Engine 18 page 07). The easiest way to charge the batteries of your electric car would be to plug it in over night but this is not applicable to all households. In single-family residences this would be very easy, all you would have to do is plug the car into an electrical outlet in the garage and let it sit overnight. There is a problem that arises when you look at multi family residences such as apartment buildings or anywhere else where cars are regularly parked outside, in situations like these it is very hard to keep track of who is using how much electricity. The concept of metered electricity next to the road or in large parking facilities, similar to parking metres in which one pays a certain amount of money and receives a certain amount of electricity, has been deemed highly unfeasible (Hamilton, William Electric Automobiles 184, page 174).

Another alternative to the internal combustion engine that has only recently been pushed into the spotlight is the hydrogen fuel cell powered car. A hydrogen fuel cell is a device that uses hydrogen as a fuel to create electricity as a power source for an electric motor to propel the car. The theory of how a hydrogen fuel cell, or any other fuel cell for that matter is fairly simple. Refer to the following diagram throughout the explanation.

The hydrogen fuel is fed in from the left and comes in contact with the anode, here the hydrogen gas molecule is separated into an electron ( e- ) and a hydrogen ion ( H+ ). The hydrogen ion is permitted to pass through the polymer electrolyte membrane but the electrons are not permitted to pass through the membrane and are forced through the electric circuit, which powers the motor in the car. Both the electron and the hydrogen ion reach the cathode where they come in contact with oxygen in the air to form water (HO). The exhaust of a car that operates using a fuel cell is nothing more than ordinary water (http//www.fuelcells.org/whatis.htm).

Implementing a worldwide network of hydrogen filling stations would be much easier then a worldwide network of electricity stations or battery change stations, however the handling of the hydrogen gas is a problem. Hydrogen gas is one of the most volatile substances on earth, this brings up safety issues for filling stations, transferring the gas as well as how to keep cars safe from hydrogen leaks after accidents and such (Broge, Jean. "GM's driveable fuel-cell lab." Automotive Engineering International 110.7 ). Across North America and around the world there are many cities that have already successfully implemented hydrogen fuel cell powered buses. Just recently, California revealed it's first hydrogen-powered bus called the "ThunderPower Bus" (http//www.utcfuelcells.com/news/archive/11140.shtml). Trans-Perth, a bus agency in Australia has just announced that it will start using a fuel cell powered bus that was built by the Daimler-Chrysler Corporation and right here in our own back yard (http//www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ss/stories/s111681.htm). Ballard Industries has been using hydrogen fuel cell powered buses in both Chicago and in Vancouver since 16 (http//sln.fi.edu/inquirer/hydrocar.html).

Besides having no dependence of fossil fuels there is one great advantage to using either an electric car or a car that implements fuel cell technology, which is the emissions that the car produces. The biggest problem with the internal combustion engine is the amount of pollutants that it releases. Both nitrogen oxide gas and carbon monoxide gas are by-products of burning fossil fuels. Nitrogen oxide is a poisonous gas that contributes to the brown haze that can be seen over almost all major urban centres across the globe, carbon monoxide is possibly the most potent of the greenhouse gasses and nearly all of said gas that is in the atmosphere is a result of the burning of fossil fuels. A car that runs on batteries will have no emissions at all other than a small amount of heat that is produced by the batteries and motor while driving, vehicles that utilize a fuel cell system will have no emissions other than water vapour and heat from the motor and electronics (http//www.fuelcells.org/whatis.htm). The environmental impact of a switch to either electric cars or fuel cell powered cars would be astronomical.

It is projected that within my lifetime, the earths supply of fossil fuels will begin to dry up and get to the point where the supply will not be able to sustain worldwide demand. A switch will have to be made from the internal combustion engine to another means of power, that will more than likely be the electric powered car, the fuel cell powered car or both. There will obviously have to be major changes to the infrastructure of the world to make fuel or electricity readily available but theses changes are clearly inevitable. I think that the sooner that this change happens and the sooner we are weaned of our dependence on fossil fuels, the sooner the earth can begin recovering from the pollutants that we have put into the atmosphere. So whether we are anticipating this change and ready for it or not it will happen, as it is an inevitability, so we better start working on an alternative now so we are ready.

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Freud: Symptom Formation, the Realm of Fixation and the Cure

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For Sigmund Freud heredity, childhood, adult experience and fantasy are all connected in the realm of fixation. The realm of fixation is that of the neurotic and either symptom formation or perversion.

Freud says that everyone is born with a sexual constitution- the amount of libido endowed upon them form their parents-this is the hereditary background upon which sexual drive in life is based. In short our sexual constitution is the amount of libido we are born with. This amount cannot be changed throughout our lifetime. It can however, get tied up along the way and become lost in the unconscious.

The sexual constitution can be looked at as the level of ability to counteract neurotic tendencies (Freud, p. 4). Therefore, sexual constitution plays a key role in the development or prevention of developing a neurotic symptom. Sexual constitution is only one of two factors affecting libido- the other being childhood experience.

Libido- sexual energy- endowed upon us at birth can become tied up throughout life. The root of the ''tie-up' takes place in childhood- the childhood experience. It is here that the key to neurosis lies. Without an event in childhood to become fixated on in the future there can be no loss of libido and therefore no neurosis. Childhood experiences come in all forms. In Freud's life for example- as a child Freud wanted to be with his mother. His father took her away from him and Freud 'hated' him for it. This led to the symptom later in life of not being able to visit his father's grave. Often the childhood experience is Oedipusian in nature. The child will feel resentment towards the parent of the same sex because they are in competition for the attention of the other parent.Custom writing service can write essays on Freud: Symptom Formation, the Realm of Fixation and the Cure

It is the amount of libido possessed by a child at birth along with an infantile experience that leads to a fixation. People will become fixated on their childhood experience. Freud defines being fixated as not [able to] manage to free themselves from it (particular portion of the past) and were for that reason alienated from the present and the future. (Freud, p. 1) Depending on their sexual constitution they may be able to function with a fixation- they still have enough libido to continue normal life. It is when libido begins to run in short supply due to a fixation onto the past that problems arise.

When libido runs in short supply in adulthood and an event occurs- an accidental adult experience- such as a parent dying frustration occurs. The example from the movie where the woman's father died is classic. She was fixated on her childhood experiences of being taken away from her father by her mother. Thus she developed a hatred for her mother. When her father died her love object disappeared. This was the frustration- she no longer had anywhere to express her libido.

With no outlet for libido one creates an outlet through fantasy. Fantasy is regression to the fixation. In the same example of the woman- she lost her father and, therefore, seeked out the love of another man- Freud. The woman had regressed to wanting to spend time with her dad- now replaced by Freud.

A fixation to the past coupled with frustration and fantasy does not automatically lead to a neurotic symptom. Our superego influences our ego to either admit that the fixated emotion exists or deny its existence. With an admission our ego id will prevail over ego and we will act out our emotion. This is considered by society to be a perversion. To express love for our own mother or father in a sexual way is perverse- even though it may bring pleasure to the person who seeks it.

If, on the other hand, our ego prevails and we deny that our fixated emotion exists it will be repressed much in the same way the wish in a dream is repressed. This is when the dream- work like stage takes place. The Neurotic symptom that results from the condensation, displacement, plastic representation and symbolism is the same as the manifest dream. Condensation is used amalgamating a lifetime of events into a scene in the mind that explains- or seems to explain the symptom- in the movie the woman thought her father went to a hospital when in fact it was a brothel.

While the manifest dream is used to express the wish- it is changed from its raw form to protect the dreamer from his thoughts to allow him to sleep (Freud, p.50)- the neurotic symptom is used to express the desire to act upon the fixation in a form that protects the person from his desire to allow him to function in society. The only problem with a neurotic symptom as a protector of peace of mind is that the symptom itself becomes the problem.

Psychoanalysis is the key to getting rid of the neurotic symptom. There are several stages to go through in psychoanalysis. First the root of the fixation must be realized. This can be a long process in which the patient must dig and try to figure out where the fixation is in their past. This is what allows the analyst to help the patient find the root of the symptom. Through becoming conscious of the fixation a patient admits that it exists and is able to free pent- up libido. In short what was previously unconscious (the fixation) must become conscious (Freud, pp. 485-486). . Then the patient must go through the transference onto the doctor- or psychoanalysis. Transference is the love or hate of the doctor that is a manifestation of their symptoms and represses libido that was previously pent up in the symptom (Freud, p. 47). Once the libido is released from the doctor the neurotic symptom is cured and the person returns to normal.

The doctor has two items to work with in curing a symptom- the patient's will to get rid of the symptom and the intelligence of the patient. Intelligence is important because the doctor will then be able to use intelligence to have the patient think through and logically solve the mystery behind the symptom formation.

Freud was a very logical manner to his lecturing. He started people with parapraxes- SLIPS- something that everyone experiences. It is easy to accept that a slip has some meaning behind it- that the mind was thinking about the slipped topic when trying to say or do something. Freud then moves on to dreams. Similar to slips in that everyone has them and easy to understand that they have meaning behind them. Connecting the day's residue was easy to explain. Next the wish, not as simple, but still easy to believe with the build- up Freud had already established.

From explaining how dreams form Freud hints at an unconscious mind as well as a conscious one. If Freud had started by telling people they had thoughts that they could not control they would have laughed him out of the auditorium.

Once the unconscious was established Freud able to explain what occurs in the unconscious. He was able to delve into theoretical explanation about how the mind works- how thoughts and experiences effect adulthood and how they can lead to neuroses.

Freud's theory of the unconscious and of symptom formation revolutionized human life. It was simply assumed- because no reason not to believe so had ever been presented- that people were masters of their own thoughts and actions. With an unconscious, however, people are simply at the whim of an unseen part of the mind that can make them say the wrong thing, or send them to the edge of insanity with ridiculous neurotic symptoms. People no longer had control. Today this is accepted as the way human nature is- that shows how profoundly Freud's theories and work were on the human species.

Freud's effects on human nature do not end there- every time someone misspeaks, or makes a slip; people connect it to being a Freudian slip. Whenever someone is in therapy on TV or in a movie- the ultimate expression of the state of society at a given moment- it is portrayed as psychoanalysis. Take The Simpsons for example- Marge had a fear of flying and went to a psychoanalysis and sat on the couch not facing the analyst and was helped along by the therapist to realize the root of her fear. She remembered her father being a pilot at first but as the analyst pressed her to dig deeper into her memory Marge realized he had in fact been a stewardess. The analyst reassured her that there were many male stewards now and that her father had been a pioneer in the male steward industry. Marge was cured and was able to fly.

Patch Adams is a similar figure to Freud in modern life. Before Freud neurotic patients were quickly diagnosed and then locked up or drugged. In modern medicine patients are quickly examined by doctors and diagnosed. They are then given medications to cure them. Freud was able to speak to patients and cure them. Patch Adams using a positive environment and lots of personal attention is able to cure many illnesses by finding the root cause rather than the medical explanation.

Through Freud's ability to explain what seemed at the time to be ridiculous ideas in a rational and scientific manner Freud was able to forever change the way people view themselves and others, and was also able to revolutionize the treatment of neurotic patients.

Please note that this sample paper on Freud: Symptom Formation, the Realm of Fixation and the Cure is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Freud: Symptom Formation, the Realm of Fixation and the Cure, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Freud: Symptom Formation, the Realm of Fixation and the Cure will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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