Abnormal psyc terms

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CHAPTER 1

· Personal and cultural points of view come into conflict to cause abnormal behavior.

· Myth of mental illness notion that rather than reflecting mental illness, abnormal behavior is simply different or wrong or a reasonable response to an unreasonable situation.

· Theorists believe that abnormal behavior is due to something wrong with society.Custom Essays on abnormal psyc terms

· It was originally believed that abnormal behavior was caused by evil or the devil.

· Look at diagram attached. (1.1)

· Trephination a procedure in which holes are dilled in the skull; thought to be used by Stone Age people to release the evil spirits that cause abnormal behavior

· Exorcism a treatment for mental illness that involves driving out the devil or evil spirits thought to cause disorder.

· Hippocrates an early Greek physician who proposed that abnormal behaviors resulted from the imbalance of humors (fluids) in the body.

· Humors fluids in the body, whose imbalance was thought by early Greeks to cause abnormal behavior.

· Asylums institutions developed primarily during the Age of Enlightenment in which the mentally ill could take refuge.

· Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem the first hospital specifically for the mentally ill-London

· Philippe Pinel a physician who began improving the conditions and care of mentally ill patients.

· William Tuke an English Quaker who founded a retreat for the mentally ill.

· Benjamin Rush a physician who introduced humane care of mental patients in the United States. Involved bleeding patients, mental illness was due to excessive blood to the brain.

· Dorothea Dix A New England school teacher who waged an active campaign to build mental hospitals in the U.S.

· Moral Treatment one of the first psychological treatments to be used for mental patients; it involved providing better living conditions for patients and treating them as normal individuals.

· Franz Mesmer a French Physician who believed that disorders were due to imbalances of magnetic fluids and who is considered to be the father of hypnosis.

· Mesmerism the original term for hypnosis

· Jean-Martin Charcot A French physician who thought that illnesses were due to a weak nervous system and treated them with hypnosis.

· Hysterical disorders physical disorders for which a physical cause cannot be found.

· Explanations for anxiety stress, learning, incorrect beliefs, physiology

· Sigmund Freud An early neurologist who suggested that abnormal behaviors were the result of stressful experiences that were stored in the unconscious and continues to influence the individual.

· Anna O. A patient who played an important role in Freud's thinking about the causes and treatments of abnormal behavior.

· Unconscious a portion of the mind in which anxiety-provoking memories are stored.

· Psychoanalysis developed by Freud, patient goes back over earlier experienced to find and understand the one that is causing current symptoms.

· Pavlov discovered Classical conditioning

· Thorndike identified operant conditioning

· Watson conditioning to understand and treatment of abnormal behavior in humans.

· Behavior therapy patients unlearn abnormal behaviors

· Beck cognitive therapy

· Cognitive therapy patients learn to replace incorrect beliefs with more accurate beliefs.

· Prehistoric evil spirits …..tortured to drive out spirit

· Greek and Roman physiological problems (humors)…..treated with diet and lifestyle change

· Dark Ages devil is thought to cause abnormal………mentally ill are persecuted or killed as witches

· The age of enlightenment protected in asylums and later in hospitals….due to emotional stress and strain….moral treatment

· The modern era chemical imbalances, structural problems, learning, incorrect beliefs, suggestibility, unconscious conflicts

· Black humor depression

· Yellow humor anxiety

· Blood humor rapid mood swings

· Phlegmatic humor dull or sluggishness

CHAPTER

· Stressor a situation that requires a major adjustment or something that could cause us stress.

· Stress negative emotion when something bothers us beyond our normal limits

· Expectancy theory of classical conditioning individuals come to realize that a stimulus predicts the occurrence of an event

· Exposure used for getting rid of fear where the stimulus is exposed to the fear but nothing bad is allowed to happen

· Group psychotherapy Family therapy Time-limited psychotherapy

· Horney a neo-freudian who believed that anxiety is due to interpersonal conflicts

· Jung a neo-Freudian who believed that we are influenced by a collective unconscious.

· Collective unconscious we have stored all of the experiences that occurred to our ancestors over the entire course of evolution.

· Compensation defense mechanisms through which we work extra hard to overcome some real or imagined weakness

· Intellectualization a defense mechanism through which we focus on the objective, non-emotional details of an otherwise emotional situation

· Neo-Freudians theorists who accepted Freud's basic ideas but differed with him over the question of what causes anxiety

· Adler a neo-Freudian who believed that we are influenced by our feelings of inferiority

· Structural approach to personality Freud's theory that the personality consists of id, superego, and ego, id.

· Pleasure principle concept controlling the id, which seeks immediate pleasure

· Unconscious the bottom level of personality, where we have stored anxiety-provoking memories or feelings that cannot be recalled but that continue to influence us.

· Preconscious The middle level of personality, where we have stored memories that can be recalled.

· Conscious top level of personality, which contains the thoughts and feelings of which we are aware at any time.

· Defense mechanism distort reality to avoid stress and reduce anxiety

· Repression defense mechanism through which we force anxiety provoking thoughts and feelings into the unconscious

· Suppression a defense mechanism through which we intentionally avoid thinking about anxiety-provoking material

· Denial reinterpret anxiety-provoking material to make it less threatening

· Projection attribute our personality characteristics to other people

· Object displacement we express a feeling toward one individual that should be expressed toward another

· Drive displacement we express one feeling (drive) instead of another one that is threatening

· Regression return to an earlier stage in life in which we were more secure and successful

· Identification take on the personal characteristics of another person

· Rationalization give a good reason instead of the real reason for a behavior

· Steps leading from stressors to abnormal behaviors

o Awareness and appraisal

§ Realize there Is a stressor and it poses danger

o Coping

§ Try to solve the problem constructively

o Stress

§ If coping fails, you experience the unpleasant physiological and psychological aspects of stress.

o Defense

§ To reduce stress, you may use defense mechanisms which can lead to abnormal behaviors

o Abnormal behaviors

§ Anxiety, depression, headaches, muscle tension

·

CHAPTER

· Cognitive approach- abnormal behaviors caused by incorrect beliefs

· Nerve tract-chain of neurons

· Pre-synaptic neuron the neuron from which a nerve impulse is leaving

· Post-synaptic neuron the neuron to which a nerve impulse is going

· Catabolism process of chemically breaking down neurotransmitters at the synapse

· Blocking agents chemical that fit into receptor sires on neurons and thereby block the entry of neurotransmitters.

· Inhibitory neuron a neuron that makes a connection with either a presynaptic or a postsynaptic neuron, whose firing inhibits the transmission of nerve impulses by that neuron.

· Hormones stimulate activity

· Genetics determine inherited characteristics

· Diasthesis-stress model notion that physiological factors such as genes can establish a predisposition to a disorder, which can then be triggered by stress

· Biological traumas physical injuries or disease, which often influence brain development or functioning.

· Koro a disorder that involves anxiety stemming from the belief that the genitalia are retracting into the abdomen and that the process will result in death

· Sociocultural approach the notion that social and cultural factors can play important roles in abnormal behavior

Chapter 4

· Diagnostic system systems used to group sets of symptoms into various disorders.

· DSM-IV-The manual containing the diagnostic system currently used in the U.S.

· Reliability degree to which an individual with a given set of symptoms will receive the same diagnosis when examined by different individuals or by the same individual at different times.

· Validity the degree to which an individual will receive the correct diagnosis

· Decision tree sets of questions about symptoms that eventually lead to diagnoses.

· Checklists of symptoms an alternative to diagnostic labels for rating individuals on various dimensions

· Structured interview an interview in which the interviewer follows a specific set of questions.

· Unstructured interview an interview in which the interviewer does not use a specific set of questions but instead follows leads as they come up.

· Objectivity personality tests tests of personality that consist of objective item or questions that individuals respond to.

· Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) revised version of a widely used objective test for assessing psychiatric disorders and personality

· MMPI-A used to diagnosis adolescents

· Projection an individuals attribution of his or her own personality characteristics and feelings to other people or to inanimate stimuli, such as inkblots

· Projective Personality Tests an individuals attribution of his or her own personality characteristics and feelings to other people or inanimate stimuli, such as inkblots.

· Rorscach Test a projective personality test in which the individual tells what he or she sees in a series of inkblots.

· Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) A projective personality test in which the individual test in which the individual makes up stories about what is going on in a series of pictures.

· Incomplete sentences test a projective personality test in which an individual completes sentences such as "what makes me most hungry…."

· Draw-a-person test

·

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An essay about Bob

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My achievements and experiences this year have been very beneficial to me. In March I got a Sunday job at Pine Ridge dog sanctuary where I did lots of work which all meant caring for the dogs. After 8 months I found that I had gained all the experience I could with the dogs and so applied for a new job at Wyvale Garden Centre in the pet department. I got it so now I work on Saturdays there. Both jobs involve animals which helps provide me with experience with them, which will help me later on in my career as a veterinary nurse. Both jobs involve a lot of responsibility and I am treated as an adult. My people skills have improved due to talking to customers and colleagues. I feel I am polite and well mannered with the people I work with and with the members of the public.

Recently I went on work experience to a veterinary surgery where I got to help out within the surgery. I helped out on many tasks all involving the welfare and care of the animals. I cleaned kennels, walked dogs, groomed animals, fed the in patients, assisted with dressings, wound management, observed operations and consultations and much more. I found that it was a great experience to be able to be in the surgery so close to how it all works. I feel that it has really confirmed that this is what I want to go into when I'm older and I am excited of the prospect of starting my training towards my goals next year.

So far I have been to one college, The Berkshire College of Agriculture, for an open day about the courses available to me there. I want to become a veterinary nurse and this is a course they offer at the college. I am not scared to leave Ranelagh and look forward to beginning somewhere else with new challenges. I know the requirements that are needed for the course I want to do and so I am going to strive to achieve the grades I need in my GCSE's.

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Dna human genome

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Scientists complete sequencing of human genetic code

This article is basically about the announcement of the completion of the map of the human genetic code to an accuracy of . percent. Only three years ago the international consortium of scientists announced that they had completed a rough draft of the code, and now the sequence is essentially complete and available on computer databases to other scientists, where they are already receiving more than 10,000 visits a day. The project started in 10 and was expected to last 15 years at the cost of billion, but lasted 1 years at the cost of .7 billion. They now say that the next step is applying this new knowledge, which is fundamental in understanding ourselves.

This article is basically about the successful breaking of the genetic code of the virus that is suspected of causing severe acute respitory syndrome (SARS). Evidently the reason this is so important is because there is a fear of a possible outbreak of this disease which in Canada has already claimed the lives of thirteen people, and 74 more people are believed to be infected. Although there are yet to be any reported deaths of SARS in the U.S., scientists believe that some may already be infected. The sequencing of the genome was cracked by computers in a Cancer agency in British Columbia, and was cracked in a mere 6 days, which has left many scientists astounded with the fast pace. This is the first step towards developing a test for a possible vaccine that could prevent or cure the disease. They mention that this may be difficult though, since vaccines are much harder to discover. The Aids virus has eluded scientists for years. Also by taking a look at the ,76 base pairs of nucleotides they can find where the coronavirus originates and if it jumped over from another species. Knowing the sequence of base pairs will indicate what proteins the DNA will build, which will assist in finding out which protein blocking drugs might make the virus impotent.

This article demonstrates the importance of the study of microbiology because with continued research they could find a cure for SARS. I was also amazed with how quickly they were able to decode the genes of the SARS virus. With the help of the new computer technology in decoding genes. This is a great advancement in comparison with the amount of time it took to find the virus that causes AIDS.Custom Essays on dna human genome

The completion of the sequencing of the human genetic code is important because it is a true milestone in biology. It marks the beginning of an era where all our genetic information is available for scientists, and the true understanding of our origins and of our every function lies within this information. This discovery is significant to humans because it will touch on everyones life. Once the scientists start to decipher what all our genes function, we may discover where problem areas exist and how to fix them. The discoveries within medicine may change treatment in all countries forever.

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George Gerbner's Six Categories

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Mass Media and Reality

The media can be a powerful force in our society that is capable of influencing our thoughts, emotions, ideals, behavior, and perceptions of reality in many ways. Media in the form of television, music, and the internet have, "done much to shape the way our society is governed… (and has)…changed the way we live" (Jensen, 18, pg.1). In this sense, the mass media, especially television, offers various "definitions of reality… (that)…lead to perception of the 'reality' as normal. The result is a social legitimization of the 'reality' depicted in the mass media, which can influence behavior" (Gerbner, 18, pg.1). In this paper I will discuss the influential capacity of television regarding sex(gender)and race, the depiction of health(beauty)and age, lifestyle(work) as promoted by Mtv, and the prevalence of violence (crime) in computer gaming software.

Television - Gender, Race

One form of media that has affected my views of reality and the portrayal of our society is that of television. The representation of gender and race in television can be misleading in that, "the faces of America still aren't represented by the faces of television, according to a new report commissioned by the Screen Actors Guild" (Schneider, M., 1, pg.1). To illustrate this point, Gerbner states that, "men still outnumber women -to-1 on prime-time television, while Asian Americans, Latino/Hispanics, Native Americans, low income people, the disabled and seniors remain grossly underrepresented"( Schneider, Michael, Electronic Media, 01/04/, Vol. 18, Issue 1). Cheap custom writing service can write essays on George Gerbner's Six Categories

With this in mind, television viewers might question the lacking representation of Asian American and Latin American actors relative to actual statistics (especially considering the demographics in California alone). For instance, "Asian Americans show up 1. percent of the time on TV, less than half of their proportion of the U.S. population (.4 percent)… Latino/Hispanics make up a growing 10.7 percent of the country, yet only show up .6 percent of the time on television"(pg.1). These statistics are also evident with age as, "seniors aged 60 years or older make up 16.5 percent of the United States but just 5.6 percent of television"(pg.1). Gerbner states that, "Our studies show that casting and fate follow stable patterns, especially in prime time Men outnumber women two to one….Older people make up only one fifth of their actual proportion in the population"(Jensen, 18, pg. ).

Television Health (Beauty) and Age

Television also demonstrates a preference for female beauty and youth, and a partiality toward young actors as "older viewers have become television's forgotten audience. The senior crowd (age 60 and up) make up 16.5 percent of the audience, yet represent only 5.6 percent of TV characters" (Schneider, 1, pg.). Gerbner's categories of health (beauty) and age are relevant here as we live in a society in which physical perfection, youthful looks, and beauty (especially for women) are highly valued. For instance, television show like 'Baywatch', 'Jag', and 'Private Eye' depict mostly young, attractive, actors and actresses with attractive physiques. Over time, we become accustomed to these idealistic portrayals of men and women, which lend credence to Gerbner's question, "What message does that send to young girls? What does this teach women about their role in society? (pg. ). Gerbner indicates that, "Television programs- and movies, as well project the power structure of our society, and, by projecting it, they perpetuate it, make it seem normal, make it seem the only possibility" (pg.). Therefore, our perceptions of reality might mirror those that are provided to us by television, thereby reinforcing idealistic images of beauty and physical perfection. Gerbner, asserting that television offers a similar "kind of exchange" that a mirror might states, "You look into it and see who you are supposed to be and then you either conform or you don't" (pg.).

An actor's age seems to be a variable when casting certain roles on television, especially within the context of romance where partiality to aging male actors is evident. For instance, Gerbner states that, "Our studies show that casting and fate follow stable patterns…women between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-five are generally cast only in romantic roles" (pg.) Gerbner also states that, "According to the Screen Actors Guild, most of its female members stop getting calls when they turn thirty-five and only start getting them again when they're old enough to play grandmothers" (pg.). Therefore, the 'message' that might be sent to television viewers is, "If you're a man, by contrast, you can play romantic roles until you totter into your grave. You see men playing romantic leads at fifty sixty, even seventy" (Schneider, 1, pg.). In some sense, it seems that aging male actors have some form of job security whereas aging female actors are not so fortunate. So consequently, "As characters age, they lose importance, value and effectiveness. Mature women seem to be especially hard to cast" (pg.). The author highlights this inequity with aging female actors stating, "They are disproportionately underrepresented, undervalued and undersexed" (pg. ). Gerbner states, "What does it teach all of us about romantic relationships?" (Jensen, 1, pg.). One author points to Gerbner's Cultivation Theory suggesting that these 'overtones' in television can have, " a powerful effect on people, essentially from constant exposure to the same messages" (www.utexas.edu, pg.4).

Lifestyle (Work) and Crime (Violence)

Another influential aspect of the media, especially for younger viewers, is the representation of work (lifestyle) with Mtv. For example, all one has to do is turn on Mtv to get a glimpse of the glamorous lifestyle that singers live; expensive cars, clothes, houses, jewelry, and the like. Not only are they living a life of luxury, but quite often an opulent one. Standing in contrast to what viewers see on Mtv, one author notes, "TV largely neglects portraying the occupations that most youngsters will have to enter. 'You never see the farmer, the factory worker or the small business man'" (Petracca & Sorapure, 18, pg. 17). In his 'Cultivation Theory', George Gerbner, "links television viewing, especially heavy television viewing, with the way people perceive the world around them" (pg.1). In this light, "children's occupational aspirations are channeled in unrealistic directions" (pg.17). How can one compete or measure up to the lifestyles that are presented to us by Mtv? It would be difficult to ignore the impact or influential factor that Mtv might present to 'youngsters', especially considering the disparity between what they see on television and what they see when entering the workforce. "Gerbner and his team of researchers believe that television viewing has become a focal activity in many people's lives… (taking)…up time that people could use getting information elsewhere, such as from newspaper, books, and other people" (www.utexas.edu, pg.4)

Another form of media that has affected my views on violence is computer gaming software. One might not think that these games could influence or persuade people to act violently based on what they see, into (violent) action, however after watching my brother play a popular computer game called "Doom", I am convinced. "In Doom, players take on the role of a lone space marine stalking corridors and shooting creatures with a variety of weapons" (news.bbc.co.uk, pg. ). The "space marine" in this game typically shoots everything that is in front of him- blowing soldiers, monsters, and the like into pieces with a macabre portion of blood, guts and "splatter" in each scene. After watching one of my brothers play this game, I realized that this type of media could be lethal in the "wrong hands" (teenagers, hormones, emotional problems, etc.) The Columbine killings were an example of this conclusion as, "Investigations into the Columbine shooting showed one of the killers with a sawn-off shotgun in his lap that he called Arlene - allegedly after a character in the Doom computer game" (pg.1). To further complicate this problem, a lawsuit was filed by the, "Relatives of the people killed at Columbine massacre...seeking damages from computer game makers, claiming their products helped bring about the killings" (news.bbc.co.uk, pg.). The influence of the game is suggested by the lawsuit which states, "Absent the combination of extremely violent video games and these boys incredibly deep involvement, use of and addiction to these games and the boys basic personalities, these murders and this massacre would not have occurred" (pg.). Gerbner states, "We are awash in a tide of violent representations unlike any the world has ever seen…drenching every home with graphic scenes of expertly choreographed brutality" (Gauntlett, 1, pg. 1).

Conclusion

Television, more than any other form of media, has influenced my perceptions of reality regarding gender, age, race, health (beauty), work (lifestyle), and crime (violence). Although I attempt to exercise objectivity and common sense with all media, it is difficult to not be affected in some way by the underlying messages in television programming and other entertainment. It seems that our perceptions can be influenced through storytelling as Gerbner suggests, "And if you can control the telling of stories, you can control people's concept of the world around them, and even their behavior, because we act in light of how we conceive the world to be" (www.utexas.edu).,

References

Schneider, M., (1), TV World Distorts Real Life Sag Study, Vol. 18, Issue 1, Retrieved May 6, 00 from the UOP Apollo Library, Academic search Premier http// web7.epnet.com

Jensen, D., (18), Sentient Times Alternatives for Personal & Community Transformation, Vol. 6, Issue 11, Retrieved May 6, 00 from the UOP Apollo Library, Academic Search Premier http// web7.epnet.com

University of Texas, Class Bios of George Gerbner, Bio …by Karla Starkweather, Retrieved May 6, 00 from the World Wide Web http//utexas.edu

Gauntlett, D., (1), Ten Things Wrong with the 'Effects Model', Retrieved May 6, 00 from the World Wide Web http//NewMediaStudies.com/effects1.htm

Gerbner, G., (18), Cultivation Theory of Mass Media, Letter from George Gerbner to The Communication Initiative, Retrieved from the World Wide Web http// comminit.com/ctheories/sld-15.html.

Ward, M., (001), Columbine Families Sue Computer Game Makers, Retrieved from the World Wide Web http// http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/150.stm

Petracca, M., & Sorapure, M. (18). Common culture Reading and writing about American popular culture (nd ed.). Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall.

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Marketing theory

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Company Overview

The company that will be examined is a hypothetical CD store named "LIVE RECORDS". The store targets 15-0 year old, educated males and females. The CD store will target a niche market for the latest cutting edge, world music. All major cultural styles are stocked, for example, Latin, African, and contemporary styles from America, Europe, and the UK. The store is placed in an inner Sydney location and has a long term strategy to develop the store online to reach a larger target audience. Current promotion relies on the store's web site and some direct marketing. This paper will examine the macro marketing environment for LIVE RECORDS. Macro-Marketing is defined as a social process that directs an economy's flow of goods and services from producers to consumers in a way that effectively matches supply and demand and accomplishes the objectives of society. Therefore with macro-marketing the emphasis is not on activities of individual organisations but, rather on how the whole marketing system operates (McCarthy et al, 14, 6). Various factors affect LIVE RECORDS in the macro-marketing environment and each of these key factors will now be analysed.

Demographic Factors

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Demographics trends are those concerning the human population in terms of various factors including size, density, location, gender, race, and occupation. Demography is a very important environmental factor that affects marketers and influences the direction of an organization's marketing strategy (Kotler et al, 001).

Various demographic opportunities exist for LIVE with a higher number of kids with disposable income tending to buy more luxury items like CDs. There is an increasing demographic trend in Australia that suggests that young people have more money to spend and as CD's are one of the items that youths are considered to buy most frequently, this creates a significant opportunity for LIVE (Tulich, 14). Young adults also tend to know about what the latest cutting edge styles of music are which fits in with the concept of LIVE RECORDS. According to Tulich, teenagers are likely to spend any money they have on them and these luxury items are purchased at least once a week (Tulich, 14, ). This creates a significant opportunity for LIVE with 15-1 year old, young adults falling within the store's target market.

The 001 Australian Census highlighted that almost 0% of the Australian population in that year, had home Internet access (HREF1). This creates an opportunity for LIVE who largely rely on their website for promotion. A further opportunity exists in the long term with LIVE strategy to create an online store.

With an inner city location, the increasing urbanisation of the Australian society also creates an opportunity for LIVE, with more people moving to the city. (HREF). Further demographic opportunities exist with Australia's increasing multiculturalism. Statistics suggest that the Australian society is becoming increasingly culturally diverse and as a provider of cutting edge, world music, LIVE is in a unique opportunity to capitalize on this trend (HREF).

As can be seen emerging demographic trends create a number of opportunities for LIVE however, threats also exist. According to the 001 Australian census the medium age of the population in Australia in 001 was 5 compared to 4 in the 16 census. Future trends suggest that by 01 the medium age of the Australian population will increase to 4-4 years old with 1-% of the population over 65 (HREF). This poses a significant, long term threat to LIVE whose target population is based around a much younger audience. As a provider of cutting edge, world music LIVE relies on a young, up-to-date audience to purchase its CDs. Australia's aging society could dramatically decrease the size of LIVE's target audience.

Technological Environment

Technological developments affect marketing in two basic ways new products and new processes. The faster pace of technological change creates both obstacles and opportunities that companies need to adjust to (Mccarthy et al, 14).

For LIVE, numerous opportunities exist in the technological environment, like possible advancements in CD technologies where you could maybe have games, as well as video clips and interviews that can be played and watched on the computer or television when you listen to the CD. This would add to the attractiveness of a CD as a purchase item. Another possible advancement that would create an opportunities is the introduction of technology that would stop CDs being copied as this would reduce the threat of burning CDs which has a negative impact on original CD sales. Of course this new technology would have to exist without reducing the playability of the CD otherwise this could also reduce the number of CD purchases, for example, if CDs couldn't be copied but the technology meant that they couldn't be played in computers either. This may stop a potential consumer for purchasing a CD at all.

The other big technological opportunity for LIVE is to be able to enter the virtual shopping world by creating an online store. As was mentioned in the demographic trends, more Australians are using the Internet and in line with this, more Australians are purchasing products online. Some of the products that have been most successful for online purchases include books and CDs with the rise of sites such as www.amazon.com. An online store would not just increase the target audience nationally for LIVE RECORDS but it creates the possible opportunity of opening the store to a global audience. This creates a significant long-term opportunity for LIVE.

By far the biggest technological threat that exists for LIVE and creates the biggest challenge for the store with is with the rapid changes that occur with technology. As technology improves, the threat of substitutes for CDs, like DVDs, Mini Discs and MP files may become a significant threat for the ongoing success of LIVE (McCarthy et al, 14). An even bigger threat, which is also linked to the legal environment, is the increase in CD burning allowing people to easily copy CDs. This poses a significant threat to LIVE.

Economic Environment

The economic environment is affected by the interaction of all parts of a macro- economic system. This then affects such things as national income economic growth and inflation. The economic environment may vary from one country to another, but the world's economy is becoming increasingly linked with the globalization (McCarthy et al, 14).

Many opportunities exist in the economic environment, for example, with the exchange rate. When the Australian dollar is strong, imports become cheaper to buy which creates an opportunity for LIVE as an importer of world music, increasing the store's profit margin. On the other hand however, a weaker exchange rate makes imports more expensive the opposite impact would occur for LIVE. This is an example of how LIVE or any business is affected by the world economy.

Along with the opportunities, LIVE also has threats with the up and downs in the economy, inflation is one of the threats because the costs rise very fast so LIVE would have no choice but to increase prices to keep up profitability.

The possibility of recession periods is another threat for LIVE when people don't want to spend their money on luxury items like CDs. People tend to save more during these periods.

Cultural Environment

The cultural environment affects how people live and why they behave as they do. Many variables make up the cultural and social environment, some examples are the languages they speak, their religious beliefs, the type of food they eat, their music, the way they view their marriage and family (McCarthy et al, 14).

According to the 001 Australian census, in the 0th century Australia became more culturally diverse (HREF), which creates the market for world music in Australia, a gives LIVE an opportunity to sell different types of music. Breaking the store in different groups is another opportunity in this cultural environment, and adding the right colours and the right pictures, respecting differing cultures. An example of this would be to create a store design separating the different styles of music, and then making that section culturally sensitive where appropriate.

Globalization is a big threat in the cultural environment, due to the fact that as LIVE has targeted the multicultural population of Australia , because people's tastes are merging in result of the huge percentage of the population using the internet, everyone has access to the same type of advertisements and music all over the world. This means that there will be a diminished market for diverse cultural music because society will have similar tastes, but it also is an opportunity in the sense, that especially with an online store LIVE will be able to target world markets more easily (Kotler et al, 001).

Political and Legal Environment

The attitudes and reaction of people, social critics and governments all affect the political environment. Consumers in the same country usually share a common political environment, but this environment can also have a dramatic effect in opportunities at a local or international level. One of the aims of the consumer movement was to exert pressure on governments to pass legislation that provided greater protection for consumer in their dealings with businesses. This could be divided in two basic groups laws dealing with freedom of competition and consumer protector laws (McCarthy et al, 14). Marketing decisions are strongly affected by laws, government agencies, pressure groups and society and these factors influence how a marketer must conduct its activities (Kotler et al, 001).

The biggest threats in the political environment involve Australia's protection and tariff policy. The reduction of tariffs would actually create an opportunity for LIVE with cheaper import prices but increased protection laws has the adverse effect and makes imported goods more expensive in the marketplace. This has a negative impact on LIVE. Other legal issues that are currently threats include the huge amount of illegal CD copies that are either made by individuals or even more damaging, are mass produced and illegally sold in markets or overseas. This would however also become an opportunity if the government decided to crack down on illegal copies and sales and the market buying original CDs would subsequently increase.

Natural Environment

The natural environment includes those natural resources that are included in production or that are affected by marketing activities. Trends in this environment include shortages of raw materials, increased cost of energy, increased level of pollution and government intervention in natural resource management (Kotler et al, 001).

Based on the societal trend of increasing environmental awareness, an opportunity for LIVE in the natural environment is to create environmentally friendly, non polluting packaging, especially considering that the young population, which is LIVE's target market, are very environmentally conscious.

Please note that this sample paper on Marketing theory is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Marketing theory, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Marketing theory will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Time to Get a Job

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Money makes the world go round, and in order to make money, you must work for it. The best way to make money would be to find a job. Since jobs are not just handed out to you, you must put effort into finding one. There is a process you must follow in obtaining a job. To begin, you must make a resume. Second, hand out your resume and fill out the applications. Lastly, ask for and go to the interviews with the company.

Resumes are the best way for an interviewer to see some of the qualities that you have. You should include, in your resume, these qualities. As well as an objective and any hobbies that you may have. Qualitites can show a potential employer if you have certain skills needed for his or her company. Hobbies and interests can show your activity level, as well as, it alllows the employer to get to know you before meeting you. In addition, add your past employment so employers can call previous employers to find out about your work habits.

Next, make an effort to look for jobs by applying for them. The best place to apply for a job would be at a work place which is hiring. Go to thoise work places, as well as other, ask for an application and fill it out accurately. Following this, as to speak with the supervisor or manager and hand him or her the application, with the resume, personally. Ask for an interview if possible, and make arrangements for a time that fits his or her schedule.

Lastly, a job interview will help the interviewer to get to know you. You should always greet the interviewer and concluse the interview with a handshake. Arricve for the interview a few minutes early. This shows to the employet, that you are always on time. Be sure to dress approproately; dont go in your street clothes or pyjamas. During your interview, discuss the qualities you listes in your resume and give examples. Dont be affraid to ask the employer questions about the position. This shows to him, or her that you are interested in the position. Conclude the interview with a handshake and thank him or her for their time.

If the previous three steps are followed, the interviewer will leave the interview very impressed. Remember, first impressions are the ones that last. This will result in a youve got the job response either at the end of the interview or in a few days. All you have to remember is to create a resume, apply for jobs and go to the interview, and you will be making money in no time.

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Songs baby

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VERSE 1

Rules, made by fools, they're their tools,

To keep a grip on the world,

And the way things unfurl,

Write my Essay on songs baby

Even the way that it twirls,

And it doesn't even know it has an enemy,

Who's just trying to get free,

From the things that hold him in captivity,

The things that hold his heart down,

Pinned to the ground

And every ones laughing like he's a clown.

And he knows there's nought wrong with him,

It's him who knows the world cant swim,

And he pours out the story of how he was caught unawares,

By anyone who dares to care,

That is if there's anyone still there.

Still there

That's if there's anyone still there.

CHORUS

Now there's too many rules,

In a land we do not own.

Acting like it's ours,

Because we do not have a home.

.

VERSE

Laws are some of the the flaws,

That makes the cause,

Of the scars in my memories,

Locked up with keys,

So they cannot tease,

The thing that I fall back on my soul

Is out on patrol,

Round the edge of my hole,

Looking for a place without them

& you,

The man who thinks I wont fight back,

When every word I say is infact a sneak attack.

Directed at your reason for living.

Before you never new the proper meaning of the word unforgiving

But now however hard you try you cannot forget.

And it brings you out into a sweat when you think about my threat.

Maybe soon you'll of paid the everlasting debt,

But for now I'll leave you to regret the moment you became a silhouette.

Silhouette

The moment you became a silhouette

CHORUS

BRIDGE

Go away, Go find your own home,

Come back when you've got something you own.

Hatred

(Verse 1 Chords are EM AM FM CM BM FM Em DM (repeated)

I hear you screaming in my ear

but it makes no sense at all

Why do you insist on taking it out on me?

You say you don't want to hurt me

don't want to get into a brawl

But all that I can feel at the moment is grief

(Second section to verse 1 Chords are Em Am Fm Cm (repeated)

Whenever you're near me

I can feel that I'm shaking

Afraid of what you might do to me

You think I'm your puppet

Just another worthless tool

You've always got me on my knees

(Bridge Chords are EM BM G#M DM F#M EM DM)

You never listen

always think you're right

But you never seem to understand

That all this anger

Is coming from you

And all of your demands

(Chorus Chords DM EM FM EM DM EM FM EM DM EM FM EM DM EM AM) (Can be shouted if desired!)

What makes you think you're special?

What makes you think you're different?

What makes you think you are unique?

What makes you think you're special?

What makes you think you're different?

What makes you think you're better than me?

(Verse Chords are EM AM FM CM BM FM Em DM (repeated)

Can't take all this pain

I'm giving it up

Why can't you just leave me alone?

You're destroying my life

Got no reason to live

No wonder I just stay at home!

(Second section to verse 1 Chords are Em Am Fm Cm (repeated)

I keep giving in to you

But still you persist

To hurt me with all of your might

Stop doing this

You know you're wrong

How could you ever be right?

Please note that this sample paper on songs baby is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on songs baby, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on songs baby will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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