Temperature and Enzyme Activity

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Introduction

In this lab, our main purpose is to determine the relationship between enzyme and temperature. As we know, enzymes are mainly composed by proteins, which is easily degenerated under high temperature. Also, enzymes are highly specific creatures towards temperature. For example, amylase and catalase are both adapted human body temperature, which is about 7-45¢J. There is an apparent optimum temperature for different enzymes, after which the reaction rate decreases rapidly, because of denaturation of the enzyme. However, the optimum temperature of enzymes depends on the way and which enzyme which the activity is measured. Some enzymes are heat resistant and can work at fairly high temperatures. Our goal in this experiment is to find out the enzyme activity at different temperatures.

Method

In this experiment, we will test the effect of temperature on amylase activity. For that the variable is temperature (5¢J, 7¢J, 50¢J, 80¢J), and the main control variable is pH, which will be standardized my a certain buffer(pH=6.). The reactant will be starch, and tester will be IKI (Iodine potassium iodine). Distilled water is used as control groups. The procedures are as follow

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1. Label test tubes and droppers so that we don¡¦t contaminate the experiment by mixing them together.

. Turn on the temperature maintenance machines, and set 1 at 7¢J, another at 50¢J, the other at 80¢J.

. Set up spot plates to test drops of experiment and control groups, and label each spot with minutes preceding one another.

4. Add 1ml of buffer pH=6. to both control and experimental test tubes.

5. Add 1ml of water to the control group.

6. Add 1ml of starch solution to the experimental test tube.

7. Place experimental test tube (E-7) and control test tube (C-7) in the temperature maintenance machine, which is set to 7¢J.

8. Warm test tubes for 5-10 minutes in order to achieve the desired temperature.

. Get the amylase ready in ice, and the dropper filled with amylase.

10. Place 1~ drops of IKI in the spots indicated 7¢J.

11. Add 0.5ml of amylase to both the control and experimental test tubes, and so the reaction starts. Squeeze and release the dropper gently to mix the solution in the test tubes. Take down the time when amylase is added.

1. Start to take samples at 10 second intervals for the first minute. If there are no significant changes within the first minute, then start to record the change every minute. While you do this, put a drop of the control test tube solution on another spot in correspond to the experimental solution.

1. Record the color changes on the data table.

14. Continue to record the color change in between 1 minute interval, and if need additional time points, wash the spot plates out and re-use them.

15. When the experimental color reaches the same color as the control solution (yellow), all the starch has been hydrolyzed. This is the reaction end point. Take this number down carefully.

Results

During the experiment, we acquired results displayed as below, and also seen in figure1.

5¢J 7¢J 50¢J 80¢J

T=reaction end point 15 10 7 0

1/T=Enzyme Activity 0.06666667 0.1000000000 0.0707070 0

Table1

As seen in this table, we obtained the outcome that 7¢J has the highest enzyme activity (lowest reaction time period), 5¢J comes in second, 50¢J comes third, and there is no end point at 80¢J, meaning during the certain time period, the solution wasn¡¦t able to change color completely. The figure shows a curve with a highest point of 0.1, which occurred at 7¢J, and no enzyme activity at 80¢J.

Conclusion

A predicted graph of amylase reaction with temperature change is shown as below

The graph showed a optimum temperature at 40¢J, and drops quite rapidly afterwards. This suggests that amylase works best at temperature slightly below 40¢J. Therefore body temperature, 7¢J, is certainly ideal for amylase to work under, which is also illustrated in our figure1. In figure1, we obtained an optimum at 7¢J; however, there was still enzyme activity at 50¢J, which differed from the predicted graph. This could be caused by several human errors, such as not turning the temperature maintenance machine high enough, or did not leave the experimental and control test tube in the machine long enough, so the temperature of solution was not 50¢J. Moreover, the enzyme value may be miss measured, that we put more than 0.5ml of enzyme into the test tube, increased the enzyme concentration thus showed enzyme activity at 50¢J.

Another interesting phenomenon we acquired during the experiment is that it took us a lot longer to achieve the end points than the other groups. As seen in the table, it took us 10 minutes for 7¢J experiment and 15minutes for 5¢J experiment while normally it should only take 1 to minutes. We reached the conclusion that either the amylase we used was contaminated by other substances or they denatured during the testing. Maybe we did not put them in the ice correctly. Also, one of our teammates forgot to put amylase into some of the solutions. Even though we re-ran the experiment again, it might affect our results. These are the reasons why our experiment are not as accurate as it was predicted.

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A Juxtaposition of The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter

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A Juxtaposition of The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter

There are many similarities in The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter. Though similar in many ways, these two pieces of literature greatly contrasted each other. Three important elements, which exemplify this juxtaposition, are theme, setting, and the protagonists. Both The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter contain several examples to further support these three elements.

The themes of The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter change throughout the course of each literature piece. One major theme in both of these is revenge. The character from The Scarlet Letter who is out for revenge is Chillingworth. Chillingworth is angry when he finds out whom Hester committed adultery with. When he realizes it was Dimmesdale, he decides to secretly torture Dimmesdale for what he has done. An example of Chillingworth's revenge from the book is

He now dug into the poor clergyman's heart like a miner searching for gold; or, rather, like a sexton delving into a grave, possibly in quest of a jewel that had been buried on the dead man's bosom, but likely to find nothing save mortality and corruption. (15)

This exemplifies Chillingworth's sought for revenge. By the narrator saying this, the reader gets insight on what Chillingworth plans to do to Dimmesdale, which is dig into his soul to find out Dimmesdale's hidden sin. Chillingworth's plot for revenge is very similar to that of Abigail Williams in The Crucible. In this play, John Proctor has an affair with Abigail Williams only out of lust but Abigail still wants him. He wants to move on and forget about her but Abigail wants the exact opposite, meaning she wants John Proctor for herself. Because of this, she decides to turn in Elizabeth Proctor for conjuring the devil. This is evident by the following quote

She thinks to dance with me on my wife's grave! And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whore's vengeance, and you must see it… (1146)

In both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible, it is apparent that the characters Chillingworth and Abigail were out to get revenge, which in the end destroys them, yet their means of seeking revenge, differ. Chillingworth does it in a secretive manner whereas Abigail chooses to falsely accuse Elizabeth in public and openly risk Elizabeth's life.

Another point of comparison within The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter is the setting for each. For both of these literary pieces, the setting is in Massachusetts. More specifically, for The Crucible, the setting is in Salem Massachusetts. Evidence for this is at the beginning of Act I where it states "A small upper bedroom in the home of Reverend Samuel Parris, Salem, Massachusetts, in the spring of the year 16." (108) This is very similar to the setting of The Scarlet Letter, which is in Boston, Massachusetts. This is evident at the beginning of Chapter

The grass plot before the jail, in Prison Lame, on a certain summer morning not less than two centuries ago, was occupied by a pretty large number of the inhabitants of Boston… (47)

The Crucible is also set in 16, whereas the specific year of the setting of The Scarlet Letter is unknown, it is known that it takes place in the late seventeenth century. These two settings are very similar in that they both are in Massachusetts and also in the late 1600's. These settings differ in that The Crucible is in Salem and The Scarlet Letter is in Boston. Also, The Crucible occurs within a time span of several months, whereas The Scarlet Letter takes place during many years.

The protagonist of The Crucible, John Proctor, is very similar to the protagonist of The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne. Both of these characters have committed adultery.

John Proctor has committed adultery with Abigail Williams, and Hester Prynne has committed adultery with Reverend Dimmesdale. When Proctor is asked to state the Ten Commandments, he says them all but the one about adultery. Elizabeth assists him in remembering the one about adultery and then in the stage directions it says, "Proctor, as though a secret arrow had pained his heart." (11) The fact that Hester committed adultery is much more obvious, although not outright stated, than that of John Proctor's. The Scarlet Letter is based around Hester's sin, which is how the book gets its name. In the second chapter is evidence support Hester's sin of adultery

On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, appeared the letter "A". (51)

In the sense that both protagonists committed adultery, they are very similar. They differ, however, in that Proctor's sin is not publicly known and Hester's is. By Proctor keeping his sin a secret, he is guilt stricken. On the contrary, Hester's sin has been publicized and therefore she overcomes this and later becomes an influential figure in the Puritan society.

In The Crucible and in The Scarlet Letter, there are several elements, which can be juxtaposed. These include theme, setting, and the protagonists of each piece of literature.

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Coop

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Exam Format

The English Language arts exam is divided into two booklets. One booklet is the Reading Booklet and the other package contains material which requires written answers. Please write only in the package of material entitled Response Booklet.

Following is a step by step procedure for writing this exam. There is a very specific order to follow, so please read this section carefully and be certain you have completed each of the steps.

1. Complete the KWL on page one of the response booklet.Order Custom Essay on coop

. Read the instructions for the Word Splash and complete the first one titled A Better Way.

. In your package titled Reading Booklet read the story A Better Way.

4. Turn back to the Response booklet and complete the Word Splash for the story In My Class.

5. Read the story In My Class.

6. Complete the Word Splash for the poem Its Tough to be a Teenager.

7. Read the poem Its Tough to be a Teenager.

8. Complete the Word Splash for the story Day of the Butterfly.

. Read the story Day of the Butterfly.

10. Individually complete the page in the Response Booklet titled Discussion Questions on the Readings. Write your answers under each question and be prepared to bring it to your group and provide an explanation of your answer. You will be graded on the quality of your responses in this section, so be sure to take your time and answer the questions carefully. You will also get marks for adding to your individual answers after you have met in your groups.

11. When your instructor indicates it is time, get into groups and discuss your answers to the Discussion Questions.

1. You are now ready to begin the major part of the exam. After you have received your exam choices, take some time to think carefully about what you would like to do based on your personal abilities and resources. You will be responsible for providing all the materials needed to complete this section of the exam. Please come to the next class prepared to work on your exam project.

Discussion Questions on the Readings

A Better Way

1. Do you think Fulghams second way is better?

. Which of the two ways do you think T.C.I. is most like?

in my class

. Would you want this person for your friend?

4. But you know, Im still me. Do you agree with assessment?

5. What do the clicks in T.C.I. have that other students dont? Do you value these things?

6. What are some of the things out school can do to break down the barriers between clicks and ickies?

Its Tough to be a Teenager

7. Do you think that this persons friends would agree with their self-assessment?

8. What do you think are the three most difficult issues teens face today?

. Which group do you think should take the lead role in helping students with these problems parents, teachers or peers?

Day of The Butterfly

10. Why are many people, when in with a crowd, so openly cruel to others?

11. How could Miss Darling have handled Myras isolation in a more successful way?

1. What does the last sentence mean?

ELA FINAL EXAM TOPICS

DIRECTIONS Choose one of the following to complete on the designated exam day. Remember, you will be required to bring any supplies you need to complete your work, but you will not be allowed to enter the room with any FINISHED PRODUCT.

1. Create an Alphabet Poem on the topic of Teen Alienation. An alphabet poem is a poem that is presented on a large piece of paper and instead of the words being written on the paper, the author cuts out words, letters and pictures from magazines or other sources and pastes them on poster paper in a way that helps to illustrate the thrust or meaning of the poem. It must be a minimum of 50 words in length.

. Create a collage (a series of pictures cut out from magazines etc. and glued on a piece of paper in such a way that they illustrate a position on a topic) on the theme of Teen Alienation. Remember, your collage can not simply illustrate teen alienation, but must show a position on this topic ie. is it good/bad/in the media/needs to be changed etc.). Provide an explanation of the collage, no less than 100 words in length.

. Make a resource pamphlet on the topic of Teen Alienation. Resources must be realistic and current. The pamphlet should be visually appealing. Include a question section that a troubled teen could use when visiting a professional.

4. Write a 00 word response to the following letter by Einfeldt. It must be in proper letter format.

Dear Editor

I was disturbed by the recent article in your magazine concerning kids ethics. The article indicated that a significant percentage of students and other young Canadians do not place much value on honesty. As a business owner and employer, I have to seriously question the sense in hiring these young people. Your article said 65% of teenagers would cheat on a test or would look the other way if they saw someone else cheating. If I was conducting an interview with these statistics before me, I would also be very reluctant to have any of these young people in my shop. It is not a reassuring prospect to visualize the day when these crooks will be running our country.

Mr. D. Einfeldt

English Language Arts

Exam Format

Day One

1. Work on pre-reading materials - word splash and KWL handout.

. Read the six exam articles.

Day Two

1. Answer the discussion questions.

. Hand out the exam choices - decision needed by the end of the class for each student. Remind all students to bring in materials needed to work on exam topic during the next class.

Day Three

1. Work class on chosen topic.

Exam Day

1. Complete the exam. Reminder no finished product can be brought in to the exam.

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"Othello"

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"Othello" by William Shakespeare

The tragic tale of William Shakespeare's great warrior, "Othello" is a world renowned story of back biting, envy and greed, in which the protagonist characters are so greatly consumed with spite and jealousy, that they go so far as destroying their own lives to obtain revenge. Shakespeare's innovative use of the archaic English language coupled with his captivatingly sinister characters, immediately sets the stage, for one of the most famous plots ever put into print.

From the outset Shakespeare details an intriguing situation, through his dexterous use of figurative language. Metaphors, in particular, are used to great effect by Shakespeare, when Roderigo and Iago are claiming their grievances with "the Moor", to Brabantio. Each characters individual vocabulary also helps as an insight into their personalities, as well as a hint to how they may behave as the play develops. Iago can be seen as a manipulative and scheming character, always controlling the situation from the shadows, an example of this happens when Iago and Roderigo go to "rouse Brabantio"

" Zounds sir, you're robbed…..

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Even now, now, very now, an old black ram

is tupping your white ewe."

The suggestively verbose, figurative language that is used, by the evidently intelligent Iago, is in stark contrast to Roderigo's simple jibes, and in describing Othello as an "old black ram" has an enormous and sickening dramatic effect. Immediately this skilful use of language suggests what might develop from the action of the first scene, as the plot thickens.

It is made clear in the first act, through Shakespeare's unique and intriguing writing structure, that the plot will centre around the individual jealousies of the characters. The opening scene is, for the most part, written similar to simple prose, to give the impression that the audience is listening in on a private conversation. However, blank verse is also used throughout the first act, to give flowing, poetic rhythm to the speech , this structure is complemented with the use of rhyming couplets, to emphasise the point a character is making. A good example of this is at the end of the first act, when Iago gives a soliloquy

"I have't. It is engered. Hell and night

Must bring this monstrous birth to the world's light."

This soliloquy acts, not only as a message to the audience, but also to emphasise his point. The blank verse used helps the text to flow as speech, when read aloud. While the rhyming couplet at the end stylishly closes Iago's speech, whilst also prophesising his plan of action, to destroy Othello.

The characters created by Shakespeare, go hand in hand with the language used, to make the opening section of the play so effective. Notably, in the first section, the character Roderigo, helps to prepare the audience for the action to come. Roderigo is a spiteful "fool", who Iago looks upon as his "purse", just another pawn in the human game of chess he is playing. Roderigo is so overtaken with his jealousy of Desdemona's love for Othello that he is blinded to the truth, that Iago is merely using him as a means to an end. He has none of the cunning possessed by Iago, and is shown to be dim-witted and crude in his criticism of "the Moor"

"What a full fortune does the thick lips owe,

If he can carry't thus!"

Roderigo persistently harks back to these vulgar images of the "lascivious Moor", with "thick lips", in an effort to make his point, as he lacks the intelligence of Iago to cleverly construct his language to convey meaning. Although he is naive and highly temperamental, even threatening to "incontinently drown" himself, he is crucial in the first act to add to the volatile mixture of hatred directed towards Othello. It are these elements of his character that allowed me to believe that he could be manipulated into doing anything in the forthcoming scenes.

The most crucial character in the first section of the play is, without doubt, Iago, Othello's "ancient", and one of his most trusted soldiers. "Honest Iago" , as he is described by Othello, is anything but loyal and will stop at nothing to wreak his vengeance, to "serve my turn upon him". He is the most devious and ingenious characters that the audience is introduced to in the first act, he is seen to be laying down plans to obtain his revenge, by manipulating every other character in the story, most noticeably Roderigo

"Thus do I ever make my fool my purse;

For I mine own gained knowledge should profane,

If I would time expend with such a snipe,

But for my sport and profit."

It is possible to see from this how Iago sees the story that is unweaving as "sport", and intends to continue to exploit those around him "as asses", until he acquires retribution. It is Iago's schemes and plans, above all else, that serve to make the first act of the play so exciting. Through all his malevolent actions, his strategy slowly becomes apparent to the audience, so that we are fully prepared and anxious to see how these plans unfold, in the rest of the play.

And so this is how Shakespeare uses his superior grasp of language and inauspicious characters to create an ominous tone for the action that awaits. Through his use of a wide and varying range of characters, and Iago who is insistent in controlling them all, to Shakespeare's own manipulation, of descriptive language. Shakespeare manages to create all of this drama and chilling ambience within the first act , leaving the audience to wonder in anticipation, as to how this Machiavellian tale will continue.

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Ideal Family Relationships

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Ideal Family Relationships

What comes to mind when you think about an "Ideal American Family Relationship"? Do you ever find yourself watching a family together, wondering what their family life is like behind closed doors? I constantly wonder what the ideal American family relationship must be like. The image that comes to my mind is described as a mom, a dad, two kids, a beautiful white house with a little white picket fence, and the cutest little dog. Everything about this family just seems to fit into place. Dad works 8 to 5 looks forward to weekends off. Meanwhile, mom stays home and tends to the housework and dinner and running back and forth with the kids, always having cookies ready for them after school. Both kids are doing well in school and are happy, no real responsibility, respect their parents and most importantly stay out of trouble. On weekends they spend all day together laughing and enjoying their time together. The ideal relationship of this family is an influential loving husband and wife committed to creating an honest, positive, and loving environment in which their children will grow and prosper. This relationship displays qualities of love, honesty, trust, and communication all of which are essential elements necessary in any relationship.

I believe that this ideal image as created by the society, in which we live, has the potential to really exist. Although, to each one of us the ideal changes because we all have different views of what is important in a relationship and what we value the most. As times change we change as does our society. As we all try to keep up with the change it becomes harder for all family relationships to fit into the image of the ideal American family relationships. In the past it was more common to see families that may have fit into this category. Examples of this are television sitcoms from the past that show the image of such an ideal relationship. Such a family would be the Brady Bunch, and the family from Family Ties, and Leave It To Beaver. All of these sitcoms reflect this idealistic image.

It appears that today it becomes harder and harder for husbands and wives to stay together. Meanwhile during that struggle the relationship with our children gradually begins to deteriorate in unforeseen ways until it becomes too late and things get out of control. When this happens more strain is placed on all the relationships within the family with each family member. Eventually things begin to unravel and start to fall apart and people get hurt and it becomes harder and harder to fix the wrong.

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As times have changed so have the television sitcoms we now watch. These days television has adjusted to be more like real life. For example we now have shows like Seventh Heaven, where the strength of this family's relationship is constantly tested and pushed to the limits, as our real life family relationships are on a daily basis. Another very different example of a reality based family is the sitcom The Gilmore Girls, this show represents a single mom who got pregnant at 16 years of age and is raising a daughter alone. The Gilmore Girls allows us to see not only the mother/teenage daughter relationship but also an adult mother/daughter relationship. We relate to this sitcom because it is very much a part of the world we live in today, where children are having children and are finding themselves forced to support and raise their child alone. Many of us also relate to the trying relationship between Lorelai and Emily Gilmore.

Family is best described as people who are related to us, however to many of us family is also described as those we love and trust the most not necessarily related to us. The sitcom Friends is a perfect example this, they are a group of friends not related but they all have a special connection with one another. Just as biologically related family members do, and possibly an even greater connection. This is true simply because our friends we can choose, and our family we can not. Although this does not fit the image of the ideal family relationship it is what some of us would consider the perfect family relationship.

It is my belief that as society has its image of the ideal American family relationship we all form our own images and strive to reach that image. In comparison to today's television sitcoms of reality family relationships we also have the dysfunctional family relationships. The Simpsons sitcom displays such a relationship. The Simpsons demonstrate what an ideal family relationship is not. Homer expresses none of the essential elements of a loving father, drinks to much and is abusive. Marge is distressed and really not much help to anyone. The kids are Bart a troublemaking disrespectful child, along with Lisa an unappreciated mocked child genius. All joined together for the amusement of viewers such as ourselves. Unfortunately as unrealistic and dysfunctional a family The Simpsons are, there really are families that share relationships somewhat similar.

With this in mind I know that at times we all take our families for granted. Sometimes we may even wish that we had a different family relationship, one we believe fits our individual ideal relationship desires. Overall we should always remember to be thankful for those we have in our lives, for nothing is truly ideal. Most importantly things could always be worse.

Please note that this sample paper on Ideal Family Relationships is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Ideal Family Relationships, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Ideal Family Relationships will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Rivals

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Review of The Rivals

A well-written play is an excellent piece of literature, but the performance of the play determines its success. The Shakespeare Theatre in Washington, D.C. produced an outstanding production of Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The Rivals, a comical romance set in the nineteenth century. The play's success is due to the outstanding performance by the cast, as well as the producer's unbeatable theatrical techniques to appeal to a twenty-first century audience.

The actors in the play fulfilled their roles in a variety of ways. The costumes were neatly designed, and they reflected the personalities of the characters. Bob Acres, a rather wealthy man of the upper middleclass, was presented as an outgoing, yet uncivilized character. He first appeared on stage in a grubby green jacket and mucky leather pants, his hair portraying the rugged life he lived, and a dead varmint in his hand. With his physical appearance, he stood out from the rest of the civilized, well-mannered, and sophisticated cast. As a result, Bob was viewed as the uncivilized individual in the play. After his initial conversation with Captain Jack Absolute and Faulkland, he sat at the side of the stage eating a meal provided by Captain Absolute. However, the audience failed to totally focus on the following conversation between Captain Absolute and Sir Anthony Absolute because Bob's table manner's displayed off to the side were intriguingly humorous. He devoured his meal and kept his glass of wine always filled to the top. As Bob Acres first appearance on the stage ended when he discretely exited the stage, instinctively taking the bottle of wine with him.

Mrs. Malaprop was as well a source of humor for the audience. Nancy Robinette played the role of Mrs. Malaprop with distinction. Her high-pitched, squeaky voice added to the effect of her misuse of words. Her tone of voice combined with her numerous malapropisms, made her appear oblivious to her innocent and hilarious abuse of the English language.

David Sabin's role as Sir Anthony Absolute was by far the most favored character by the audience. Sir Anthony was a heavy-set, elderly man with a keen sense of humor. He felt that he still had his God-given authority over his adult son Captain Jack and particularly Jack's choice for a spouse. David Sabin presented Sir Anthony's personality as if it was his own. He often made many witty remarks, matched by his body language and facial expressions making the already humorous text 'absolutely' hysterical to the audience. When attempting to convince Jack that Lydia Languish should be his wife, Sabin used some of the most uproarious body language. He kept nudging Jack with his cane as his eyes grew enormous, saying "Then, Jack, her neck! (nudge) O Jack! (nudge) Jack!! (nudge, nudge)." Sir Anthony's use of his cane through the play was rather interesting. Although he used it to walk (a sign of weakness), he used it to convey messages and point authoritatively at others as well, showing his intellectual strength and influence.

At the closing of the play, Sir Anthony and Mrs. Malaprop both received standing ovations from the crowd. Both David Sabin and Nancy Robinette performed their roles probably better than any other actor could. Their comments combined with their effortless and natural adoption of the characters' personalities, Sabin and Robinette were definitely the most charming members of the cast.

The audience at the performance mainly consisted of elderly people, but the play did capture my attention and curious interest to see what followed. Although, the play was set in the nineteenth century, the old-fashioned English script was naturally spoken by the cast, and I completely understood the dialect and was rather captivated by it. The scenes were set up quickly and discretely, with the curtains used for scene changes in brief amounts of time. Even with the curtains pulled across the background, the play continued through a smooth transition to the next scene. As a result, the play had a continuous, smooth flow from beginning to end. Different lighting techniques added to the reality and beauty of the scene sets. In one instance in Lydia Languish's room, a window on the right side of the stage had the curtains pulled back with light that protruded through as if it were the actual daylight. The outdoor scene at the end of the play when Captain Jack and Bob Acres prepare to duel showed a different lighting effect. The backdrop of the scene was a painted canvas of the evening sky with a lightly phosphorescent glow to it. Dim lights shined on the stage, causing the evening sky to be especially noticeable. The scenes were set mainly in rooms reflecting the contemporary nineteenth century elegance. The rooms created for the audience a sense of enchantment; the decorative antique furniture and nineteenth century carpentry added to the effect. The stage props, such as the bottle of wine were often used for interaction with the plays characters. The scene settings were fundamental in creating a first-class production of The Rivals.

This production of The Rivals was by far the best drama performance I have ever witnessed in my life. I, along with the rest of the audience, was captivated by the charm of the well-organized play. The costumes seemed to complement each character's personality, and the actors fulfilled their roles impeccably, continuously providing laughs for the audience. The play did not show its age, but its humor, and it professionally provided the audience with hilarious and enchanting entertainment.

Audience member at Shakespeare Theatre, Washington DC

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The Donkey's Finest Hour

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Gilbert Keith Chesterton, author of "The Donkey," was a religious man who wanted to influence his readers and promote social change through his writings and poetry. According to Dan Boyd, British Poets, 1880 114, "Chesterton in his poetry, as in his other writings, saw himself as a spokesman for the poor and exploited whom he regarded as the mystical symbols of God's presence in the world." The American Chesterton Society concurs, adding

Chestertons appreciation of the common man predates his college years. His teenage notebooks are full of a reverence for ordinary people, expressed as a corollary to his reverence for the most ordinary of objects and things. Chestertons respect for the common man was basically a respect for free will. He said that the actions of a beggar are as momentous as the actions of a prime minister, because the beggars actions are no less free and have an eternal significance surpassing all merely temporal enterprises, even those of prime ministers and kings (www.chesterton.org).

Chesterton's "The Donkey" is full of religious symbolism that, when told from the donkey's passionate perspective, promotes a change of opinion regarding this beast of burden, and of society's downtrodden and oppressed members.

The donkey as the narrator of this poem, allows the reader to experience a unique point of view, and creates a sense of empathy by using emotionally charged words and phrases, such as "moon was blood", "devil's walking parody" and "far fierce hour and sweet" (Chesterton , 7, and 14, respectively). Typically, the donkey is viewed as a mere work animal, not very intelligent, often abused and mistreated. As defined in Webster's Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary, "Donkeys are descended from the African wild ass and are sure-footed hardy animals that can walk for long periods in hot, difficult conditions with a minimum of food or water." Chesterton helps readers identify with the donkey's suffering when he writes, "The tattered outlaw of the earth, / Of ancient crooked will; / Starve, scourge, deride me . . ." (Chesterton - 11).Cheap Custom Essays on The Donkey's Finest Hour

The symbolic events described in the first stanza correlate with the arch angel being cast from heaven and Adam and Eve being driven out of the Garden of Eden; thus, the time of the creation of the donkey. The second stanza gives the reader a demonic description of the donkey, using words like "monstrous head, sickening cry and ears like errant wings" (Chesterton 5 - 6). By the third stanza, there seems to be a noticeable lapse of time. The donkey has become a beast of burden. The narrator's opinion of himself is low "I am dumb" (Chesterton 11). This opinion seems to mirror society's treatment of him, as he laments, "Starve, scourge, deride me . . ." (Chesterton 11). Hilaire Belloc, personal friend of Chesterton, compares Chesterton's attitude and profession to the donkey, "The writing man, I say, is a most unhappy beast of burden (and I know something about it); he bears upon his back for conveyance to others the joys and consolations, the visions that make life in this bad world tolerable. But he may not enjoy them himself any more than the donkey may enjoy the vegetables that he bears to market." (Belloc).

Chesterton himself remarks on society's misguided attitude toward the poor and underprivileged, at one point saying, "I think the oddest thing about the advanced people is that, while they are always talking about things as problems, they have hardly any notion of what a real problem is." (www.chesterton.org). "The Donkey" is a classic example of an oppressed entity enlightening those who have no idea about the hardships it has endured. And, by the end of the poem, the reader understands that the donkey is proud of its one true joyous moment.

The fourth and final stanza describes the donkey's "hour of triumph." The donkey is able to confront the fools who have mistreated him, as he describes his finest hour, recalling when people laid "palms before my feet" (Chesterton 16). The incident the donkey refers to is discussed in Matthew 15, The Open Bible, "Behold, your King is coming to you, / Lowly, and sitting on a donkey, / A colt, the foal of a donkey."

Using poetic symbolism, effective first person point of view, strong religious metaphors and intense, forceful diction, "The Donkey" has deep spiritual and social connotations. Chesterton is able to encourage the reader to reconsider the importance and value of a lowly work animal, evoking a sense of sympathy and respect. Perhaps society as a whole should reassess its labels and attitude toward the lower working class and acknowledge this group's worth and importance. Belloc, Hilaire. "On the Place of Gilbert Chesterton in English Letters." London, Sep. 140. Sheed & Ward, May 001 http//www.dur.ac.uk/~dcs6mpw/gkc/Belloc-essay.txt.

Chesterton, G. K. "The Donkey." Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Editor X. J. Kennedy. New York Harper Collins, 11. 75.

Chesterton, G. K. "Common Sense for the World's Uncommon Nonsense." The American Chesterton Society. May 001 http//www.chesterton.org.

"Donkey." The Tormont Webster's; Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary. Vol. 1. Canada Tormont Publications, 10. 50.

The Open Bible. The New King James Version. Red Letter Edition. New York Thomas Nelson Publication, 18. 5.

Stanford, Donald, ed. British Poets, 1880 114. Vol. 1. Michigan Edwards Brother, Inc., 18. 6 76.

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Airline safety

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Airline Safety

September 11, 001 is a day that will not be soon forgotten. The effects of this tragedy reach every aspect of our lives, from the economy, to foreign policy, to travel, and especially airline safety. Anyone who has traveled can tell one the extent of new security taken place at airports. Besides checking traveler's belongings there are other proposed precautions, such as using biometrics to identify passengers, placing sky marshals on nearly every flight, creating stronger cockpit doors, arming pilots, allowing off duty police officer to carry weapons on-board, increasing security presence at airports, and giving people other than President Bush the authority to have commercial airlines shot down. There are too many ideas to even list. Improving security both on and off the plane can help prevent another terrorist attack, but in my opinion certain measures are begin taken too far.

The government has proposed the use of biometrics, which has already been taken place in a South Carolina airports, this method includes the scanning of employees' retina's before entering a specific area. Which will prevent anyone who is not an employee from entering. This will help in some way, but there are other methods that could be used in airports, such as a face recognition and fingerprint scanning. These methods are being tested and studied. The government conducted a test out of 6,000 individuals to see if a computer could identify each person by using face recognition technology. The results came out to be one hundred percent accurate this shows that the computer recognized each person to an exact detail. By using this technology we can make security aware of who exactly is getting into the airplane. This method would be successful when it is connected to a database with peoples' basic information including records of previous arrests, outstanding warrants, and any other legal problems so security officers at airports would be aware of passengers who are not located in the database such as foreign travelers. Showing that the passenger did not pose any threat to other passengers. Not only could it help prevent and attack such as September 11, 001, but it could also help capture any person with warrants who are fugitives.

Increased security presence is now at every airport, and it should stay that way. President Bush during the attacks against Afghanistan proposed that airline security should be taken over by the government, rather than federalize trainers and inspectors. He also claimed that troops nationwide should be placed at airports. By placing these troops at the airport he made travelers feel safer and helped prevent other attack from occurring.

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But I believe that the easy part of solving our airline security problem is on the ground and the real challenge is to figure out how to protect passengers and civilians below when in-flight. Some say stronger cockpit doors are a solution, however, aviation experts agree that it is not as easy as it sounds. They say that the doors would have to be not only strong, but also porous. This would allow the pressure in the cabin and in the cockpit to be the same.

Other people have proposed that pilots should have a gun in the cockpit but it should be used only for their personal safety, others say Pilots should not be in charge of maintaining order in the cabin they should just worry about getting the passenger into safety.

Allowing off-duty police officers to carry their guns was another idea. But you cannot guarantee that there will be an off-duty police officer on every flight. Having a sky marshal in the air was another idea to make the flight more secure. But these sky marshals would be required to have previous law enforcement experience. This type of security would be extremely costly. They would make $5,000 to $85,000 per year. If you multiply the number of sky marshals this would require by their salaries, the number would be enormous. Taking every precaution on the ground and arming pilots as last resort is as far as security should go. Everyone wants to feel safe when they fly, but the truth is that flying is still the safety way for travel. People need to get on with their lives. There are risks in any travel one does but that is how we can get from one place to the other. As a nation we are focusing solely on air security, but there are many other problems to consider.

As a last resort, President Bush has authorized others the authority to have it shot down if a commercial jet poses a risk to civilians below. Two star officers Maj. Gen. Larry and K. Arnold at Tyndall Air Force Base in Florida, has the authority over the continental United states, if the president is unable to be reached. Lt. Gen Norton A. Schwartz, a three star general at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska has authority over Alaskan flights. Just days after the hijacking, Bush and Sec. of Defense, Donald Rums field made the new rules of engagement that give these two officers the power to make such a decision. The chances they will ever need to make this decision are very slim. The President would make the decision unless he otherwise could not be contacted. Hopefully, they would not be faced with this decision because airline safety has improved and will continue to improve.

People need to get back on planes; the airline and tourism industry is a vital part of our economy. Safety should be strictest on the ground. Once in flight, there is little that can be done. Airlines are safe and although many are nervous about the events of September 11,001, it most likely that it will not happen again.

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Cellular Phones and Wireless Communication

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It's 6:30 the change of classes, and no matter which hallway you take they are filled with students making their way to their next destination. For some it's the last class of the evening and they're rushing off to meet friends or families. The students that are left behind are going to their next class, going to their first class of the evening or have school business at one of the student services office.

The hallway past the receptionist desk leads to the admissions office where you might see new students enrolling, or students at the financial aid office waiting to discuss their financial aid with one of the interviewers. Next door to the financial aid office is the student development office where the students there are selecting, dropping and/or adding classes. Across the hall is the business office and the students there are finalizing classes for the coming semester.

As you make your way through this crowded corridor you can't help but notice the many conversations that are taking place at one time. There may be conversations between 2 persons or conversations between a group of people but the conversations I notice most in these congested hallways are the conversations of students on their cell phones.

As I desperately make my way down the crowded halls of Davenport University trying not to be late for class, I can't help but wonder as I pass these students so deeply engaged in their phone conversations, how did society survive before the invention of the cellular phone.

Custom Essays on Cellular Phones and Wireless Communication

Cell phones or wireless communication is not an invention that was discovered within the last few years, in fact, wireless communication or mobile phones have been around since the 1800s with the invention of the telephone (The Cell Approach 1). Before cell phones, people who needed mobile communications installed telephones in their cars, but needed a powerful transmitter to send and receive transmissions because there was only one central antenna tower per city with about 25 channels per tower (The Cell Approach 1). That meant only a limited number of calls could be placed at one time.

Before the affordability of cellular phones you had to stop at a public phone booth and deposit $.20 to make a call, or wait until you were at a convenient location with a phone only to discover you had to go out again to picking up a loaf of bread, a gallon of milk or some other important errand but with wireless technology phone service is more readily available.

While wireless technology has improved and communication systems have grown (Wireless Communication 3), cellular communication is no longer confined just to your car. With the development of Personal Communications Service (PCS), this technology has given wireless communication more flexibility by extending personal mobility while communicating by eliminating the need to remain at a fixed location such as a home or office (Cellular vs. PCS 1; Wireless Communication 1).

Many cellular phone models offer wireless communication with options like text messaging, paging, or Internet capability and allow people to communicate while in a car, airplane, or other moving vehicles (Wireless Communication 1). You can follow the stock market, check weather and traffic conditions or make airline reservations. Wireless communication is very popular among businesspeople because it allows them to staying in contact with colleagues and clients while traveling (Wireless Communication 1).

Although, wireless communication has improved the way people on the go communicate with each other there are some drawbacks to this popularly widespread and convenient technology. According to a study from Rochester, N.Y. in 1996, people with cellular phones in their cars run a 34 percent higher risk of having an accident due to distraction and angered accident victims are calling for Legislations to pass laws against the usage of cell phones while driving (Legislative Solutions1).

Despite the efforts of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to encourage every state to put in place and enforce regulations that apply to cellular phone usage (Legislative Solutions 1), there are no foolproof laws restricting the usage of cellular phones while driving, however, cell phone users are being advised to take extreme caution while talking and placing phone calls by waiting until the vehicle is at a complete stop before making a phone call or using a hands free wireless communication device (Legislative Solutions1)

Work Cited

Brain and Tyson. "The Cell Approach" How Cell Phones Work. 4 Online

HowStuffWorks. Internet 24 July 2002.

Available <http: cell-phone.1htm.="" www.howstuffworks.com="">

Brain and Tyson. "Cellular vs.PCS" How Cell Phones Work. 2 Online

HowStuffWorks. Internet 24 July 2002.

Available <http: cell-phone.1htm.="" www.howstuffworks.com="">

Cellular Telephone in Automobiles: A Call for Safety. Online. InsWeb Learning Center.

Internet. 29 July 2002. Available <http br="" insweb.com="">cgi-bin/gic.exe?id=HycUcAu1C75wSkZ9EPW_OE_Bce&amp;cookie&gt;

Legislative Solutions. InsWeb Learning Center. Internet. 29 July 2002. Available

<http br="" insweb.com="">cgi-bin/gic.exe?id=HycUcAu1C75wSkZ9EPW_OE_Bce&amp;cookie&gt;

"Wireless Communications" Encarta Encyclopedia 1999. CD-ROM. Microsoft

Corporation, 24 July 2002

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Men stay alive in a pow camp because...

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Something about the human psyche keeps people alive in the horrific and torturous conditions. Again and again, people triumph in the face of abusive adversity. The holocaust, slavery, and gulags, such as the one in "One day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", all have survivors who kept on living when happiness and hope is minuscule. What keeps men in a gulag alive? Why do they continue to eat next to nothing, work hard and listen to guards who consistently abuse their power? Pain, both mental and physical greets the men daily. They have no reason to hope. Ivan Denisovich even says on page " ." The reality is that all species, humans included have a basic instinct to survive, and find happiness and satisfaction in doing so. Most of the men in Ivan Denisovich have found a way to be content with living in a prison and being treated like dogs, not for just days, or months, but for an undefined amount of time, usually decades.

It would be natural to think that many lived because they still had hope for their freedom. However, many had little to look forward to about freedom. There was question to whether life in the camps was any worse outside the camps. In Russia at this time, a ruthless paranoid dictator, Stalin, controlled all aspects of life. Therefore few had overwhelming hope of getting out. Knowing that outside could be just as bad made it easier to exist in a camp, because there were millions of people just as hopeless. The thought that it might be an undefined amount of time before the prisoners were free men, was less depressing because there was less to miss about "freedom." Some had nothing to go back to anyways, they had lost their family, and jobs. Those who had family grew apart from them due to the separation. Here in camp, their work squad had become a family. Those who had been there for years had found a way to survive with and even enjoy the meals they had.

The camp had changed the goals of the prisoners. On the day written about in "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", the reader finds the day very depressing, long and tiring. Ivan, on the other hand, considered it to be a good day. Happiness is relative. What one needs to be happy after living in a palace being waited on hand and foot, may be much more than someone who lives under a bridge downtown. Ivan's definition of happiness had changed while in camp. He had learned to find simple pleasure in his food, in the small amount of spare time he had and in concentrating on work. He had learned to appreciate all the things that normally would be taken for granted. The goals which most have in life, such as find a good job, buy a car, have a family, or whatever they may be, are impossible in Ivan's world. Things such as escaping punishment, having extra food, worked on a wall, have stirred up satisfaction in him instead. This appreciation of the simple things in life, shows another reason for living. Ivan's ultimate satisfaction comes from surviving the day. Living itself has become a goal, something to live for. The prisoners who weren't satisfied with simply living were doomed. For example, the captain, who wanted to be slightly warmer, was sent to the cooler, which would probably lead to his demise. Others who dreamed of more became depressed and quickly wasted away.Order Custom Men stay alive in a pow camp because... paper

Obstinacy also contributed in the fight for life. The camp was trying to literally work them to death. And most of the time it succeeded. But to die was to ultimately give the guards what they wanted. Therefore, living also was a form of defiance. The prisoners had few ways to assert their control over the guards. As said, by Arthur Jackson, a prisoner of war for 4 years in a Hong Kong prison camp, "I didn't want to give the Japanese the satisfaction of dragging me out feet first." He, and the characters in Ivan Denisovich had all seen what happened to those who refused to get up in the morning, or gave up on life. They suffered immensely, and died weak, unhappy and alone. Who wants to end their life like that? The prisoners had little control over their lives, but living was something they could try to do. Then if they did die in the camp, it wasn't because they gave up, but because their bodies had. When prisoners gave up on life, their spirits died before their body did and the last days of their lives were void of any enjoyment. Many people would rather die from a bullet, than from their own weakness.

Even though they had been told again and again that they would never get out, the thought of freedom crept into everyone's mind every once in a while. The people they loved waited for them outside the camp. Some prisoners held onto life as a way not to let down those people. Even if they never got out, it wouldn't be their fault they deserted their family, because they had not let go of life.

Rather than hope for the future, the prisoners just focused on their lives in camp. By living they found satisfaction, a way to defy their overbearing authority figures, and a slight hope for a future. They didn't let anyone down by living, except perhaps the officials. The reasons individuals had for living all added up to one absolute reason that survival and the will to survive is ingrained in everyone, and most will give anything in order to do so.

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LITERATURE

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Driving up the mountain side, she thought aimlessly about what had happened. To her, everything had been driven out of her. A hole was left in her heart, without any explanations. She drove on the windy road of the mountain side, as if someone steered the car for her, as her mind wandered off to a place she could not escape. The ocean below crashed into the giant rocks as the sun fell below the earth. It had been several months, and the heartache she felt seemed to move through her entire body, leaving her listless and emotionless, except for the tears that fell from her eyes, and the occasional sniffles the rumbled from her nose.

Felicity Cadwell was a bright young woman, in her early twenties, with a smile that could be seen around the world. He laugh echoed through walls, never ashamed to be noticed. Her smile was filled with warmth like the sky on a warm summer day. Yet now, her smiles were rare, and that laugh that could be heard over an opera singer, were hard to find. Her heart had been shattered and she didnt know why. The man she devoted herself to for years, had abruptly picked his stuff up and left. Left without warning during the night, took everything that they shared except the silver pendant he wore faithfully everyday, and placed it on the dresser, right next to the picture of the two of them.

Everyday Felicity had hoped he would call, or write, or show up during the night. Yet she fell asleep next to his shadow that he left in bed. However, this day, when she woke up, seemed different. She did her normal routine, and drove off in her tiny convertible. The day seemed bright and the heat already felt humid and sticky. She got to work and sat in her office when the phone rang.

Hello? softly came from her lips and she seemed to be bothered by the ring. Write your LITERATURE research paper

Felicity! Its so great to hear your voice!

It was Chris, a family friend she hadnt seen in several years. She knew who it was right away, as if she was expecting his phone call. He wanted to meet her for diner after work, but her day was buisy, so they agreed on some ice cream later that night. Chris was in town on business, and she hadnt spoke to him since graduation.

An uneasy feeling swept over her, as she strapped herself into the car and drove to Stone Cold, the hot spot for good ice cream. Her silver BMW pulled along the curb and a 6 foot man stepped foot towards her car. She was taken back by what she saw. She didnt remember him looking so well put together. He was now a big time CEO of a major corporation, wearing Versace suits and Gucci shoes.

After ice cream he suggested they take a walk along the beach, and for the first time she smiled, and they headed towards the white sand. He put his arm around her and she shook, yet let him remain there. They talked about their lives since they last saw each other, what each had been up to and what they wanted to do for the future. They stood on the rock jetty as he leaned in to kiss her… she quickly pulled away and said Im sorry, its just not right.

With out even pausing for a moment, he pulled her closer and said to her, You know its right. If it wasnt, why are you here?

Im not sure why Im here, I thought it would be nice to get for a change, her face looked flush, as she answered him in a defensive manner. Maybe I should get going… its getting late.

COME WITH ME! he replied, almost as if demanding. He heart raced as all of the sudden this gorgeous sweet man looked devilish and seemed fierce. She turned to walk back to her car when he pulled her arm and asked her where she was going. The situation was turning out unlike she planned and felt the cool silver pendant lying against her chest and she began to sweat with nervousness. He lifted her shirt slightly, prying his way into a sacred place.

Please stop! She whispered, while her hands trembled. Just let it happen, we could be so good together… He was ruthless, and wasnt giving up. His demeanor was wrong, and all he wanted was a quick fix while he was in town. Felicitys heart was racing as she pulled and tugged from his strong grip. Again he wouldnt let her go and a loud STOP! echoed from her mouth, uncontrollably, and with great intensity. As Chris was pulling her closer, a loud wack was heard, and he fell to the ground. Behind him stood a blue eyed man, who rushed over to Felicitys side.

Are you alright?

Im Okay now…. Thank you! Felicity was thankful, yet confused. Where did he come from, who was he, and why did he come to her rescue?

Cmon lets get you out of here. Felicity followed him to the caf� down the street, surprised at herself, because she had no idea who this man was. He bought her a drink and asked her if she needed a ride home. She told him that her car was just down the street, and that she would be alright. He walked her to her car and she kissed him on the cheek. Her eyes seemed to melt into his, and she was just fixed on him. She thanked him and sat down in her car. He leaned over her car, and kissed the top of her head. She sat in bewilderment and felt like she wanted to tell him a million things, yet only thank you and goodnight emitted from her lips. She put the car into drive and drove off into the sunset. She looked down at her lap and saw a silver pendant laying across it. She picked it up and examined it. It was exactly the same as the one around her neck. She quickly turned around to find nothing but the remnance of empty parking spot where she once sat. He was gone…. Could love escape her twice? She drove home that night wondering if she would ever see him again, or would he escape into the sunset, yet to remain shinning in her heart.

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Hotel Fires

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Hotel fires are known to be among the most dangerous and deadly types of fires known to man. There are significant amount of people occupying the building at any given time. In our history, hotels owners have not taken proper safety measures to protect its customers. There are also many ignorant people who think its just a "False Alarm," and fail to take the proper evacuation measures when it comes to an emergency situation. Many of these fires result in mass injuries and significant loss of lives. The Gulf Hotel fire, the LaSalle Hotel fire, The MGM Grand hotel fire, and the Winecoff hotel fire, are all noteworthy and historical fires that resulted in significant loss of lives and have been continuously evaluated and remembered through out our history.

The Gulf Hotel, located in Houston, was located at the corner of Lousiana and Preston. It was a three story brick building and the over crowded hotel was located on the second and third floors. It was a very popular place for transients because it was very close to the bus depot at offered beds for only 40 cent a night and cots for only 0 cents. In the early morning of September 7, 14, a deadly blaze broke out in the fully occupied hotel. A mattress ignited by a careless smoker was the cause of this deadly blaze. The fire spread very quickly because of the wooden partitions that created the rooms in the very old building. By the time the fire department had arrived, the building was completely ablaze. The hotel guests jammed the very narrow hallways and the fire escapes and blocked off the exits. Many tried jumping from windows, two to their deaths. The firefighters fought the blaze for more than two hours before they were able to begin a search effort. Firefighters pulled 8 people from the rubble. The total death toll was 55 people and was the city of Houston's worst loss of life from fire.

The LaSalle Hotel on located on the corner of Madison and LaSalle in downtown Chicago, opened in 10. Soon after, people all across the country knew it as the "largest, safest, and most modern hotel in America." It was also claimed to be fireproof. Or so they thought. On June 15, 146, a hotel guest carelessly tossed a cigarette, down one of the elevator shafts of the hotel. Within minutes, a fire was burning uncontrollably. Flames shot upward through the elevator shaft and sent fire to the upper floors of the building. It eventually stopped on the seventh floor. Dense smoke filled the hallways through the top floor. Many guests heard cries of fire but ignored them thinking it was a prank. Many people became trapped and suffocated from the thick smoke. There was no hope to the people on the upper floors because the fire truck ladders could not reach them. A total of 61 people were killed in this deadly blaze. There were many things that could have been done to prevent this fire from happening. From the time the hotel opened in the early 0th century, the hotel owners were warned of dangerous fire hazards that were in the building. The draperies were highly combustible and there were no escape routes for the guests in emergency situations. Since these warnings went ignored, the fire and loss of life could be blamed on the careless owners themselves.

On December 7, 146, the worst hotel fire in U.S. history took place at the Winecoff Hotel. The hotel is located on the corner of Peachtree Street and Ellis Street in the heart of downtown Atlanta. At 00AM on December 7, 146, a fire started on the third floor. It was believed to be an accidental fire, possibly due to careless smoking. At the time of the fire, the building lacked fire escapes, fire doors or automatic fire sprinklers. Firefighters fought to save the lives of the 80 guests but given the conditions of the building and the capability of the firefighters equipment, 11 people were killed in the deadly blaze. This fire had an impact on modern safety codes for years to come.

Help with essay on Hotel Fires It is now the 170s and we are entering a new era of fire safety in the modern hotels such as the MGM grand in Las Vegas. Building design and codes were very modern in buildings such as this and were considered to be economically safe. But on the morning of November 1, 180, the impossible happened at the MGM grand. The wiring behind a wall simmered and than burned undetected. Before long a flashover occurred that spread this hidden fire throughout the hotel and casino at a rate of 1 ft. per second. The smoke traveled through the resorts air-circulation system and trapped victims in hallways, rooms, and stairways. Eighty-four people were killed on the scene and another died a year later from the toxic smoke.

There are a lot factors that contributed to severity of this fire. Back when the building was being constructed, the hotel had refused to put a sprinkler system in the building. Had there been a fire suppression system in the building, there would not have been nearly the amount of lost lives as well as property damage. Also the building had not been properly inspected. The resort owners, the code enforcers and the designers were responsible for the fire.

Hotels are now designed to be a much safer environment for guests. Over the years, our safety codes and standards have been improved and higher safety measures have been taken. There have been hundreds of deadly hotel fires in our history, and we have learned a lot from each one of them. Every year improvements are being made and new safety standards are being implemented to ensure the safety of the people.

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Is Cloning Wrong

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Cloning 1

Running Head Is Cloning Wrong?

Is Cloning Wrong?

Richard Souders

Cheap Custom Essays on Is Cloning Wrong

Holy Family University

Cloning

Abstract

The purpose of this discussion will be to talk about cloning and decide if it is morally wrong to do so.

Cloning

Cloning has been a hot topic for some time now. It is a topic in which I hear a lot of disagreement about. Personally, I never gave it much thought. Since I do not know much about cloning and the issues that surround cloning, I have decided to write a paper on it. I felt that I should learn more about this topic so I can make some kind of decision if I am for it or not, and so, in this paper I will be discussing the pros and cons of cloning and try to make some kind of a decision as to where I stand on cloning.

The first time I heard about the cloning issue is when reporters announced in the news that scientists have created a now famous lamb they had named "Dolly." I didn't give it much thought at the time. After reading Chapter four in our textbook, I wasn't very surprised to find that we have wanted to produce better humans, or improved humans, for some time. When I think about it, that is sort of what goes on when somebody wants kids. They wonder what they will look like, etc, especially when a woman is artificially inseminated. They want a donor who is good looking and who is intelligent to create a well rounded child. Therefore, that news was not a surprise to me. It is human to want our offspring to be superior I suppose.

I will start out trying to establish some positive issues regarding cloning. The book talks about gene therapy. It stated some very positive things attributed to gene therapy, for instance, "In late 17 the same institute that had produced

Cloning 4

Dolly announced that by blending the two technologies-cloning and genetic engineering-it had created five almost-identical transgenic lambs with human genes that produce IX, a blood-clotting substance used in treating hemophilia" (Boss, Judith, 00, page15). The book goes on to talk about "two types of gene therapy somatic cell therapy and germ cell therapy" " (Boss, Judith, 00, page15). The somatic therapy is a treatment helps a person with some type of genetic defect, and "Germ line therapy may actually help someday to "protect offspring against AIDS or certain types of cancer through the use of gene line therapy, according to Judith Boss. That is pretty exciting information.

Unfortunately, as with everything, there are some negative things that must be thought about before drawing any type of conclusion. A lot of people are screaming about the ethical implications regarding cloning. President Clinton, who was president at the time of the Dolly birth, "immediately called for a task force to rapidly provide an outlook that mammalian cloning might have for the U.S."(www.usc.edu/hsc/info/pr/1vol/06/clone.html). Also, "President Clinton, in announcing the federal ban on funding for research on human cloning, affirmed that "human life is unique, born of a miracle, a "profound gift" (Boss, Judith, 00, page 15). The book goes on to imply that President Clinton was himself opposed to cloning. Some of the arguments are that "cloning robs the clone of his or her sense of uniqueness," and most religious organizations are opposed to

Cloning 5

it and believe that "cloning is "intrinsically wrong" because it is an attempt to "play God" (Boss, Judith, 00, page 156-15).

Still another argument is the fact that there are people who believe that we will grow life to destroy it. One of the lead people who believe this idea and strongly oppose it is President Bush. On CNN's web site, it states, "President Bush Monday criticized the creation of human embryos through cloning as "morally wrong" and "bad public policy," saying the procedure should not be allowed" (www.cnn.com/001/HEALTH/11/6/human.cloning/). When looked at from that perspective, I would definitely say that is wrong. That and the vision of a factory spitting out humans and human parts is quite unsettling.

In conclusion, as with most moral issues, this can be a very gray area. I can see the point of using gene therapy to help people with ailments and disease. I do not have a problem with that. The problem I do have is if it came down to creating life to be destroyed, loss of being unique, and human factories. That is where I can not stand behind cloning. However, whether I believe in cloning or not, sooner or later they are going to clone a human, I have no doubt about that. It will be interesting to see where that road will take us.

Cloning 6

References

Boss, Judith. (00). Analyzing Moral Issues.

Macionis, John. (00). Sociology

www.cnn.com/001/HEALTH/11/6/human.cloning/

www.princetoninfo.com/clone.html

www.usc.edu/hsc/info/pr/1vol/06/clone.html

www-unix.oit.umass.edu/~phil100/units/unit-10-10.html

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Cheerleading Related Injuries

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Many sports have revolutionized over past years, but none more so than the sport of cheerleading. Cheerleading is simply not what it used to be. Todays cheerleaders look more like professional gymnasts performing daring and risky routines. Cheerleading demands a healthy athlete, but as the stunts and tumbling being performed require more skill and athleticism, more injuries are occurring. Over 50 percent of serious injuries that occur in female athletes are due to the sport of cheerleading. Some injuries that have been obtained include broken ankles, bad backs, and numerous hematomas.

Broken and sprained ankles come hand in hand with most cheerleading squads these days. Often, it depends on the amount of tumbling a team does. Tumbling can be easily described as doing flips. There may be many causes to a broken ankle. One cause is stunting. In a stunt, "flyers" are held about 6 feet above the ground by their teammates. If something were to go wrong in the stunt, and the flyer landed on her foot at an awkward angle, she could seriously damage her ankle. Another cause may be jumping. In cheerleading, jumping does not mean simply jumping straight up and down. Legs are supposed to go in specific positions to demonstrate strength and flexibility. If one were to land awkwardly when doing a jump, their ankle could be sprained or even broken. A third cause of hurt ankles is tumbling. Tumbling is very hard on one's ankles, wrists and back, and the skill required to do tumbling is enormous. One doesn't see a person doing a back flip while completing a 70 degree spin at the same time everyday… usually. However, this is normal for cheerleaders at a high competitive level. The human body is just not made for the abuse that comes with high levels of tumbling. Often, breaks occur when one doesn't finish spinning completely or when one lands awkwardly. So what is done if one injures one's ankle? First, go to the hospital for x-rays. Even if they do not find a break, it is always a good idea to go to a specialist just to make sure. Occasionally, the staff working in the ER fail to recognize a small crack in the ankle. Depending on the severity of the break/sprain, the doctor will probably recommend that one should stay off of the ankle for anywhere from three to seven days. Then, it is acceptable to begin to apply weight to the ankle. If it is a severe break, then a walking boot may be in need for the victim. A walking boot may be worn for up to a month before the break is fully healed. After the sprain/break is fully healed, a brace must be worn for extra support. The ligaments in the ankle have been stretched out, and the ankle is more likely to roll. As said above, the amounts of stress the ankles go through is tremendous and the ankle will never be as strong as it once was.

Another injury obtained through cheerleading is a bad back. Cheerleaders' backs are put through a great amount of stress, as well. The bases (people who hold a girl up) often have exceptionally bad backs, not because the girls are necessarily "heavy," but because of the stunts performed. A second cause of a bad back is tumbling. If one does not have a flexible back, which many don't, the constant bending and snapping the back is made to do when tumbling can be extremely painful. There is not really anything one can do a bad back. Rest is the primary way to heal a bad back, but in the world of competitive cheerleading, there is no such thing as rest. All one can really do is visit a chiropractor, stretch, and take pain medication. The outcome of having a bad back in cheerleading is having a bad back for the rest of one's life. Once one stops participating in the sport, it may not be as painful, but the damage that has been done through years of stress is too much to take back.

A third injury that occurs in cheerleading are hematomas. Hematoma literally translates to blood tumor, but it is basically a collection, or a pocket, of blood. Tumbling, once again, is the main cause. For example, if something goes wrong while one is tumbling and one falls, they may be falling from well above their head height. When one hits the ground, they are going to hit hard. A hematoma can be a result of this. Different treatment is needed depending on the severity and placement of the hematoma. Sometimes the hematoma will break up on it's own if one applies heat abundantly and rests. However, if this course of action is not working, then the hematoma may need to be drained. When it is drained, a large needle is placed in the area of the hematoma, and the fluid is removed. Over time, most of the blood will break up and remove itself from the hematoma. However, if the blood is still in the area after a year or so, chances are it will remain there. It doesn't really cause a problem but some discomfort may arise when it is touched.Order Custom Cheerleading Related Injuries paper

Broken ankles, bad backs, and numerous hematomas are all common injuries in the sport of cheerleading. The number of cheerleading related injuries will continue to be among the highest. For some, this is unbelievable. Some individuals believe that all cheerleaders do is wave around pom-poms and yell encouragement to football players. However, some would say that what competitive cheerleaders do presently is easily comparable to what football players do. The bar for cheerleading is being raised higher and the stunts are becoming more challenging. Cheerleading has already made a drastic transformation and it will continue to change until cheerleaders' bodies can no longer endure what it takes to win first place.

Please note that this sample paper on Cheerleading Related Injuries is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Cheerleading Related Injuries, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Cheerleading Related Injuries will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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