On love

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Love…. a warm liking or affection; sexual passion, says the oxford English dictionary. Why hasn't it added things like, additional expectations of bringing the girl flowers or say sweet-talking with the guy? Or not having any relationship with any other guy. Oh right, it comes with the package! Why didn't I think of that!

I know the newly "fallen in-love's" would pounce at me for having said what I just said and might say what if "I feel like giving my girl flowers or what if I love sweet-talking with my guy"…try it for a while … 6months, maybe years and then see what I mean by "package deal".

Anyway I am not here to fight the pros and cons of love, my dear love, I am merely here to write my thoughts aloud and see what happens….

So love huh? Ask anyone (especially the college goers) and they'd tell ya some more verbs, like love is not a verb enough! So ask them and u see they'll tell ya the stereotypical- caring, sharing, giving, forgiving, compromising blah blah blah…. so basically it's about being a Christ ur self right? Or a social worker? Well the sole difference here maybe that it's only to that one-person huh? Cheap custom writing service can write essays on on love

Agreed its all rosy at first maybe it is rosy for years to come but hello! Don't we know roses fade out, wither and die? Well does the rosy feeling fade like a rose too ? U tell me, I don't know.

So the social worker thing, my friends… what's the dig deal? U have to be caring, sharing, giving, loving, forgiving and all and all to this one particular person right? (I know it depends on circumstances and stuff so, nah plz don't pounce on moi) why cant we be all that towards everybody? Social service is a costly affair, that's why? Or its great difficulty to love all humans? (Obviously, what about that crazy b#@#@ who snatched my friends and about that mean one who dumped me??)

Now I am not taking a moral lesson but just reasoning to the pattern of our "love lives". So tell me, just why can't we love the entire mankind, after all we all are one species, aren't we? Don't we seek to and want to live in peace…what am I asking for? Nothing, just a little probing into Ur souls as to what love really is? Is it a call for security from that one person who should be able to fulfill the package deal? Or is it compassion? Should it be universal or duh! Should I just shut my mouth?

I don't know, u tell me.

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A Critical Study of Social Equality

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A Critical Study of Social Equality

Different viewpoints toward equality have continually been expressed throughout history. Most recent of which, include the modern political ideas of communism and the democratic/capitalist systems of government in the west. A search to employ equality by various means has proven to be an extremely difficult task. Consequently, equality seems to be a central issue in utopian literature, as philosophers have continually sought to find the best structure for society, one in which all can be equal or at the least be provided with the equality of opportunity. However, as this essay further explores equality, one realizes that within the confines of a capitalist economy, total equality is unfeasible. Nonetheless, total equality may not be what we should strive for, but rather the equality of opportunity.

One such example of a philosopher in search of equality is evident in Condorcet's "Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind" in which, he argues that social equality will arise only if education becomes available to all citizens. He furthers this argument by stating a sense superiority is felt among those who are educated, and they in turn govern, suppress, and take advantage of those who are not. Therefore, if all citizens have equal opportunity to education "they will attain a real equality since differences in enlightenment or talent can no longer raise a barrier between men…" (Sargent, 17). Interestingly enough, Condorcet's view that education should be provided to all citizens has largely become a reality in the western world. And although western society has made fine steps toward equality, it still seems like total equality looms miles away. Even to this day race, gender, and class play a significant role in the subordination and under representation of peoples such as ethnic minority groups, women, and the poor.

Similar ideas on equality have been expressed through various other literary works, most popular of which Thomas More's Utopia addressed equality by eliminating the class system "In Utopia there are no classes, if by class we mean the hereditary privileges or disabilities which separated the citizens in Plato's Republic and caused them to be referred to one or another of four distinct groups of society… [in Utopia] The social distinctions that there are to be found, are entirely based on merit." (Donner, )

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Furthermore, Eugene Kamenka in his book "Utopias" argues that "private property acquires social power" (Kamenka,6). Based on that fact alone, (that some citizens will own more private property than others), it suggests that the society would have various social positions or "classes" whereupon the different citizens will have varying respects of social recognition based on property (land, money, riches, etc.). In this case, access to education would no longer matter in the grand view of achieving total social equality, as it would then have already become impossible due to the struggle between rich and poor. Therefore, Condorcet's view on social equality through education would be seemingly futile, unless private property was banished in co-existence with his theory. As a result, we see that in a capitalist society, which relies heavily on private property to drive the economy, totally social equality is implausible.

Nonetheless, Condorcet's idea of providing equal education opportunities to all citizens raises an interesting topic. If, as previously explored, social equality is truly impossible to reach within the confines of a capitalist society (which relies on private property), Condorcet is reasonable in exploring the equality of opportunity. Equality of opportunity would seemingly be the next morally righteous step assuming total social equality is not possible. This idea of providing the equality of opportunity is further examined by Andres Lavine in a chapter entitled "What Do Egalitarians Want?" Lavine discusses the "equality of what" debate in which he seemingly sees two approaches first well-being egalitarianism, which refers to total equality. And secondly, resource egalitarianism which Lavine explains is the idea that all should receive equal distribution of the means for obtaining what matters "intrinsically" (basic and essential). In essence, what such egalitarians want is equal opportunity within society. The idea of resource egalitarianism, since total equality as been determined unlikely in a capitalist society, seems, in Lavine's eyes, to be best means of structure for a government within society. Not only does it rid of "free riding" and "idleness" problems, but it encourages the individual to set out in life and take advantage of the opportunities provided to him, such as publicly funded education. In turn, the equality of opportunity then allows for social mobility, and even though there will be distinct classes of rich and poor, the poor are provided with the opportunity to breach their rank of social class and climb the ladder of social mobility.

Furthermore, he continues his examination of equality by stating, "The "equality of what?" debate is about theoretical ideals. In practice, an equal distribution of any of the various distribuands proposed in the literature would be impossible to implement precisely" (Lavine).Instead, distribution could only be approximated, and such an effort to distribute welfare resources or any other likely distribuand would in the end be unbalanced, and corrupted as we saw thought the example of communism. In effect, egalitarians are committed to bringing the bottom classes up through political means, but Lavine would argue that such an attempt must be done by the "bottom" because of the political problems that arise, namely idleness, free-riding, and the possibility of unequal distribution.

Nonetheless, one may argue that the inequalities that are posed by race and gender issues will still linger within society, even if resource egalitarianism is implemented. To a large extent this may be true; however, have we seen a society that has implemented the resource egalitarianism fully? Certainly some would argue that the in the United States, so commonly referred to as the "land of opportunity and freedom" has provided equal opportunity. Yet, we must not over look such practical examples as private health insurance and the issue of private education, which in turn allow for a higher level of opportunity to those that are wealthy, further setting apart the chance of the poor climbing the ranks of social mobility. Such critics of resource egalitarianism would point out that in many capitalist societies the popular trend seems to be the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. However, although starting at the bottom of a capitalist society may take generations to reach some sort of upward social mobility nonetheless the opportunity is there providing health completion, discouraging "free riding". A successful and truly people oriented government would then find ways to encourage those at the bottom of the social ranks to seize the opportunities presented to them such as public education, while providing governmental structure that allows for a pure form of resource egalitarianism excluding two tier institution (public and private),

Agreeably, such inequalities posed by race and gender have been extremely difficult issues to deal with in the past, and still today pose an extreme threat to equality even after the civil right movement in the United States. However, since equality has been excluded to the founding race and gender in many cases of nations (Ancient Sparta and the United States to name one old and one new) , in order to achieve equality of all races and gender, those that have been underrepresented and discriminated against in the past, namely African-Americans, Native Americans, and Women, in the United States are just in receiving legislation such as affirmative action to push them into the realm of social equality, and, in turn place them in positions to receive equal opportunity for their racial or gender groups in the future. While at the same time, once a reasonable amount of such previously discriminated people had climbed the social ladder, affirmative action would have to then be eradicated, otherwise the legislation would be discriminative against the founders.

Bibliography

Ames, Russell. Citizen Thomas More and His Utopia

Russell and Russell. New York. 16

Baker, Keith. Condorcet From Natural Philosophy to Social Mathematics

University of Chicago Press. U.S.A. 175

Bellamy, Edward. Equality

D. Appleton and Company, New York. 188

Donner, H.W. Introduction to Utopia

The Folcroft Press, Inc. Folcroft, Pa. 145

Kamenka, Eugene. Utopias

Oxford University Press. Auckland, New York. 187

Kesten, Seymore. Utopian Episodes

Syracuse University Press. New York. 1

Leslie, Marina. Renaissance Utopias and the Problem of History

Cornell University Press. Ithaca, New York . 18

Manuel, Frank and Fritzie. Utopian Thought in the Western World

The Belknap Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 17

Mitchell, John. Human Nature

The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Metuchen, N.J. 17

Negley, Glenn. The Quest for Utopia

Henry Schuman Inc, New York. 15

Paker, Martin. Utopia and Organization

Blackwell Publishing. Malden, Ma. 00

Sargent, Lyman Tower. The Utopian Reader

New York University Press. New York. 1

Surtz, Edward. The Praise of Pleasure

Harvard University Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 157

White, Frederic. Famous Utopias of the Renaissance

Hendricks House, Inc. New York. 155.

Wright, J. "Placing Women in Society" University of Florida

Feb. 00. http//www.cise.ufl.edu/~jtwright/women.htm .

Taylor, Barbara. "Basic Human Needs". 11 Oct. 00. The Institute for Management Excellence. Feb. 00 http//www.itstime.com/jun7a.htm#power.

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Outline Lyotards theory of the postmodern

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Modernity is that period roughly associated with twentieth century Western ideas about art (although traces of it in emergent forms can be found in the nineteenth century as well), in which science established facts, political theory established the social state, secularism overcame religious opinion, and the notion of shame was denied or explained away with various social conventions. It was an era dominated by the thought of Freud and Marx. Its tendency was toward the legitimacy of the social welfare state.

Steven Connor (18) says that the concept of postmodernism cannot be said to have crystallized until about the mid-170s . . . Modernity had received some strong criticism, and it was becoming more and more viable to assert that the postmodern had come to stay. Postmodernism is characterized by the emergence of the postindustrial information economy, replacing the previous classes of aristocracy, middle class, and working class with the new paradigm information elite, middle class, and underclass. The phrase also implies a nation-state challenged by new world views feminism, multiculturalism, environmentalism, etc; with old scientific certainties called into question. Postmodernism rejects the modernist ideals of rationality and individualism, it is in favor of being anti-capitalist and contemptuous of traditional morality. The most recent feature of postmodernism is the rise of political correctness. Postmodernism is anti-worldview. It denies the existence of any universal truth or standards. Postmodern theorists move away from the notions of the Enlightenment which believed that the world and the self were somehow whole and graspable through the exercise of reason. Postmodernity is seen as involving an end of the dominance of an overarching belief in scientific rationality, the replacement of theories of representation and truth, and increased emphasis on the importance of the unconscious, on free-floating signs and images, and a plurality of viewpoints.

Jean-Francois Lyotards The Postmodern Condition A Report on Knowledge (17) is often said to represent the beginning of postmodern thought. Lyotard, perhaps the most influential writer in postmodern thought, defines postmodernism as incredulity towards metanarratives. A metanarrative is a worldview a network of basic assumptions of which every aspect of our experience and knowledge is interpreted. Lyotard argues that all aspects of modern societies rely on grand narratives'. Totality, and stability, and order, Lyotard argues, are maintained in modern societies through the means of grand narratives which are stories a culture tells itself about its practices and beliefs, a sort of meta-theory that searches to explain the belief system that exists. These metanarratives represent totalizing explanations of things like Christianity or Marxism dominant modes of thought. Modernity and Christianity debated as to which view was true; postmodernism attacks both Christianity and modernity because they claim to be true.

The "grand narrative," upon which science and other knowledge-producing activities are based, "has lost its credibility" according to Lyotard. He believes that the post modern world is characterised by a spreading cynicism about metanarratives (or general belief systems), including world religions, political ideologies, and even science and reason. We have become disillusioned and no longer expect the world to become a better place. Metanarratives have partly been discredited because, in an era of global media in which we learn more and more about other peoples beliefs and lifestyles, it becomes less and less possible to regard one lifestyle or one belief system as the true one.

Lyotard is of the opinion that the modern project of 'Great Narratives' is not unfinished; it has been destroyed. (1)There is no longer a highest form of theory, a culminating point of culture and reflection. There is no Ideality that gives meaning to our lives.

Connor states that "Lyotard argues modern science is characterised by its refusal or suppression of forms of legitimation which rely on narrative." (18 4) Lyotard argues that, with the collapse of the modern metanarrative of reality, science has begun to sustain itself more and more by the ability of its theories to generate more and more work. However, he also argues that "science inevitably returns to narrative, since in the end it is by narratives alone that scientific work can be given authority and purpose. However, Lyotard also believes that scientists are not out to find truth, but rather to build up power.

Language is the way we express our experiences of the world, therefore to understand the world, as best we can, we must look to what is said about reality. But subjectivism is all we can have since the best we can do is experience and interpret what others have experienced and interpreted reality to be, and so the spiral continues downward. Thus, for the postmodernists, any assertion of absolute knowledge is seriously questioned and ultimately rejected. Therefore history is seen as a series of metaphors rather than an account of events as they actually happened. After all, the one recording the events was writing and recording the events as they saw them. Someone else may have seen it differently had they been there. Lyotard says that the important question for postmodern societies is who decides what knowledge is, and who knows what needs to be decided.

The whole Enlightenment project, argued Lyotard, has come to an end, how can we still meaningfully speak of human progress and the rational control of the life world after what happened in Auschwitz and Stalins gulags. Lyotard makes central to postmodernity, a shift from a 'productive to a 'reproductive social order, in which simulations and models-and more generally, signs-increasingly constitute the world, so that any distinction between the appearance and the 'real is lost. As Kearney states in his book The Continental Reader, "Lyotard suggests that these (grand narratives) must give way to less ambitious 'petits recits', little narratives that resist closure and totality, stressing the singularity of every 'event'." (16 46)

Lyotard argues that all aspects of modern societies, including science as the primary form of knowledge, depend on these grand narratives. Postmodernism then is the critique of grand narratives, the awareness that such narratives serve to mask the contradictions and instabilities that are inherent in any social organization or practice. In other words, every attempt to create order always demands the creation of an equal amount of disorder, but a grand narrative masks the constructedness of these categories by explaining that disorder really is chaotic and bad, and that order really is rational and good. Postmodernism, in rejecting grand narratives, favors mini-narratives, stories that explain small practices, local events, rather than large-scale universal or global concepts. Postmodern mini-narratives are always situational, provisional, contingent, and temporary, making no claim to universality, truth, reason, or stability. As Lyotard states in Kearney's book (16 46) " a postmodern artist or writer is in the position of a philosopher..the work he produces are not in principle governed by preestablished rules and they cannot be judged according to a determining judgement."

In fact, one of the consequences of postmodernism seems to be the rise of religious fundamentalism, as a form of resistance to the questioning of the grand narratives of religious truth. This is perhaps most obvious in Muslim fundamentalism in the Middle East, which ban postmodern books - like Salman Rushdies The Satanic Verses - because they deconstruct such grand narratives.

To be sure modernitys assertion that logic and science alone are certain methods for acquiring truth, and that man is a passive subject of knowledge was wrong. We cannot, in light of the developments in the philosophy of logic, science, and ethics conclude any longer that these are unquestionable, uniform disciplines for us to simply fall in line with. This extreme should be rejected. But postmodernism, with its rejection of modernitys claims, pushes another extreme. All the while denying being a worldview, it is in effect a worldview.

Postmodernism is marked by a scepticism that rejects modernism as an ideal defining twentieth-century culture as we have known it. Postmodernism rejects the idea of any universal truth, whether it is history or logic. In challenging tradition, however, postmodernism refuses to define a new meaning or impose an alternative order in its place. Postmodernism sprang from postindustrial society, which is passing rapidly deep into the Information Age. Postmodernism celebrates the death of modernism, which it regards as not only arrogant in its claim to universality but also responsible for the evils of contemporary civilization. Truth is rejected as neither possible nor desirable on the grounds that it can be used by its creators for their own power and ends. Postmodernism makes no attempt to provide new answers to replace the old ideas it destroys. Postmodernism does not try to make the world a better place. It is socially and politically ambivalent at best, self-contradictory at worst. In the end, Postmodernism remains essentially a form of cultural activism motivated by intellectual theory. As Lyotard himself states in Kearney's book (16 46) "the postmodern would be that which, in the modern, puts forward the unpresentable in presentation itself."

Bibliography

Essay Title Outline Lyotard's theory on the meaning of the postmodern.

Connor, Steven (18) Postmodernist Culture an introduction to theories of the contemporary. Oxford Basil Blackwell. (pp -4)

Kearney, Richard and Mara Rainwater (16) The Continental Philosophy Reader. London; New York Routledge. (Chapter 7 Jean-Francis Lyotard)

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Macbeth vs. Ozzy Osborne

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Select one of the song lyrics and analyze it using Macbeth as your frame of reference. Make sure that you identify specific connections between the lyric (including musical influences) and the play and that you make a clear reference to thematic ideas.

"Facing Hell" by Ozzy Osborne does a fantastic job in conveying the fact that a person can lose their soul if they fall to the temptations of the world. This train of thought can be applied to the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare paints a picture for the audience about a hero, Macbeth, and the events that lead to his brief rise in power and the events that lead to his fall.

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Macbeth was a highly respected general and a loyal follower to his king. This all changed when he had a meeting with fate. In the play the three witches symbolize the fates of men. They shed light on what is to happen in the future and what steps would need to be taken in order to fulfill what was going to happen. For his loyal service Macbeth had been appointed "thane of Cowdor" a position that has been left vacant by a traitor to the King. With this newly acquired title Macbeth sheds light on his inner desires with his soliloquy describing his thoughts of becoming king.

In "Facing Hell" one of the verses definitely describes the whole situation that Macbeth creates. "But then I'm blinded with temptation, and to every mortal sin, is it God that sits there waiting, or will the darkness suck me in?" This is a strong verse, combined with loud rifts from the electric guitar and the resonance of the bass. This verse does the play justice because Macbeth's flaw is that he wanted to attain power too much. In the beginning Macbeth is only worried about the trouble that he would get into with the authorities if he were found out. He doesn't seem to give much thought that he has cast down his soul to hell. He just leaves everything up to chance. "If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me, without stir" (Macbeth 1.. 144-147 It is almost as if he thinks that he will just be given the throne and that he will not have to do anything to take over. This is not the case because in later scenes he commits murder of the King and of his guards. It is here that there seems to be a shift in the way of Macbeth's thinking, it is now that he realizes that he has committed murder and that he has cast his spirit down without hope. He put earthly wants in front of preserving a lifestyle of serving his King with honor and obedience, and loyalty.

Macbeth ascends to the top of the chain of command with the murder of the King but this level of power is short lived when different people suspect him of being the perpetrator behind the killing of the king. Macbeth spends the rest of the play with nightmares of what he has done and trying to keep this secret silenced.

Please note that this sample paper on Macbeth vs. Ozzy Osborne is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Macbeth vs. Ozzy Osborne, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Macbeth vs. Ozzy Osborne will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Different Animation Styles

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TRADITIONAL CEL ANIMATION

By far the most widely recognised and most popular of the five different animation styles portrayed here, Cel animation has developed and advanced technologically over several decades of films. When the first ever full- length feature film animation (Snow White and the Seven Dwarves) was produced, the animation process was different to today slightly as the frames of the animation were traced onto individual transparent plastic cels to be overlayed onto a backdrop (usually hand painted), then photographed by a camera positioned directly above the backdrop. Nowadays most full- length feature films are produced more on the computer, where the cels and the backgrounds of the older days of animation have been replaced by layers of drawing on the computer screen. However, the premise is much the same as the animator still has to painstakingly draw each frame of animation individually. The computer is used at this stage just to reduce the time on the more laborious tasks of the process (like colouring in each frame of animation), although it has become a growing trend to mix computer special effects into the drawn animations.

Fantasia 000

By Disney

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Released January 000

Fantasia 000, an update to the original Disney film released in 140 and took 11 years to make, is in premise a simple film. It is a collection of short animated segments used to flair the imagination of an accompanying piece of classical music (from such composers as Igor Stravinsky and Beethoven). But although in writing it sounds a boring film it is not. In most places it is an absolutely beautiful piece of animation, and each and every segment has a slightly different style of animation to the last - although, primarily, they are all cel animated segments (although some segments like "Pines of Rome" and "Piano Concerto No. , Allegro, Opus 10" have large amounts of computer generated segments). By far the most exquisitely detailed and dramatic piece is the grand finale, "Firebird Suite - 11 Version", which tells the tale of life, death and reincarnation, which was enough justification for me to purchase a copy of this film.

D COMPUTER GENERATED ANIMATION

Recently picked up within the last 5 or so years following the release of Toy Story, D computer generated animation has rapidly grown in popularity and is now no longer considered an extremely unique 'experiment' in animation, but rather a respectable type of animation. As the name suggests, this type of animation is produced with means of a computer with D rendering software (like Alias|Wavefront) and outputted onto film (although recent years Disney have released DVD versions of computer generated films straight from the computer, skipping the process to film). A lot of texture work, scene planning and so forth takes place on paper before the jump to computer, though.

Toy Story

By Disney/Pixar

Released February 000

Toy Story (the sequel to Toy Story, no less) tells the story of a collection of toys in a little boy's bedroom that spring to life and move about whenever there appears to be no humans watching. In this second film, one of the main toys 'Woody' (a cowboy doll voiced by Tom Hanks) is taken by a toy collector as a means to finish his rare toy collection to sell to Japan. Some of the other toys go off to try and rescue him and bring him back. This film improves technologically on the original film in a number of minor and major areas, most noticeable being the models used for the humans in the film - now they move, talk and generally animate much more fluently and 'free-er' than the original film, which got complaints about that particular aspect. This film was extremely successful on cinema release because of not only the seemingly lifelike style of the film's graphics, but also the wonderfully witty, good natured and enjoyable story and characters too.

'CLAY MODELLING' ANIMATION

Before the advance of D Computer generating, this was the popular way to create dimensional animated films/shorts. The 'clay modelling' implies the most popular material used to create these animated films (which is called 'plastecine' here). A model scene is created using other material (usually a wooden/metallic structure, although it could be made of anything) and the clay models are moved about and interact with this scene - a camera is set up to view the scene and takes a snapshot of the scene, making up one frame. Then the animator moves the clay model a little bit more (sometimes a minute segment) and takes another snapshot of the scene. This process is repeated over several hours, days or even months of work. Needless to say, clay modelling animation is a very painstaking process. It is still in use today even with the advance of D computer generated films, because many prefer the more realistic nature of clay modelling animation.

Chicken Run

By Aardman Animations

Released ?

Chicken Run, produced and animated by respected clay animator Nick Park, is about the story of a chicken coup owned by a greedy couple, who decide one day that the chickens - who have for several years done nothing but lay eggs - would be more profitable butchered up and made into delicious pies. The chickens, meanwhile, have for many years tried various attempts at escaping the confines of the chicken coup and roam around the free landscape in the distance. Their hopes are raised when Rocky the rooster (voiced by Mel Gibson) crash lands in the coup after seemingly flying in. Nick Park and Aardman Animations are world renowned for their short animated pieces 'Wallace and Gromit', and their experience with clay animation is visible throughout the entire film - even with the size of the set pieces they had to work with, there is great attention to detail which can be seen all over the set pieces in the film. The film's storyline is also enjoyable and the characters likeable.

MANGA ANIMATION

This type of animation is more of a style than a completely different animation process, but I felt it was appropriate to mention it purely because of its very unique and instantly recognisable style. Manga - or 'Anime' as it is sometimes known - originates from Japan, and has been around for about 5 decades (although the actual style of art it deviates from has been around for hundreds of years). The most obvious aspect of Manga animation is almost always in the much mocked style in which the people are drawn in the animated pieces - they usually have large eyes and comparatively tiny noses or mouths, and may feature other out- of- proportion body parts like long legs. An aspect that is often overlooked from this style of animation is the extroadinary amount of detail that appears in certain animated pieces - although a lot of animation in Manga is minimal due to ease, there are some that feature very smoothly animated pieces considering the amount of detail they house.

Shadow Skill

By ?

Released June 17

Shadow Skill (rated 15) is about a 14 year old boy and his sister who are fluent in the art of 'Shadow Skill' - a type of martial art fighting that is shrouded very much in mystery, but proves to be extremely deadly. From the advise of their mother and following the near death of the young girl, they set off to a distant town to train their skills better - and, naturally, meet up with some do- good action along the way.

The problem with Manga films of this calibre is that they are always a low key affair, so it is hard to tell if this film was popular or not, largely because they are released straight to video/DVD and never get an airing in the cinema (with exception to the recent children's Manga cartoons like Pok�mon/Digimon). Indeed, the first time I ever saw this film was on very late at night. But I feel that this film deserves some respect because of the fluid use of animation in most areas (especially with extreme detail).

FLASH ANIMATION

This is a very experimental type of animation (so experimental that its appearance on this list of animation types is justifiably questionable) since it has only been picked up a couple of years ago. The name deviates from the lone program which is used to create animation of this type - Macromedia Flash. It is usually produced with a similar vein to cel animation, but restrictions are often made to ensure optimal playback over the Internet and through the user's computer modem. It is entirely dependant on the computer (needing it to both create the animation and to view it) and is mostly exclusive to the Internet. Although no 'full length feature' Flash animations exist as of yet, there are hundreds of websites devoted to short animated episodes, which are usually strung together as a series of films. There is an extremely fast growing amount of talented work appearing in this area of animation, with some animated Flash films being of surprisingly high quality.

Nipple Man and Teat Mutt

By www.campchaos.com

Released April 001

Nipple Man and Teat Mutt is a parody of sorts of the several types of superheros which exist in comics or cartoons today (it starts off with some very clever image spoofs incorporating the styles used to portray superheros like Batman and Superman in early days). Therefore it contains a rather unimportant plot involving the president of the United States being kidnapped by an evil supervillain, and replaced with a clone. Another positive aspect of producing Flash animated films is the complete and utter lack of parental or content restriction, which has appealed to many people (this film is one of the less offensive ones that exist today). I chose to highlight this piece in particular because of the extremely good manipulation of the limits this type of animation has, therefore almost discarding them and providing a decent quality in animation. It shows just how much the quality of Flash Animation has advanced in such little time, and that the future for this may possibly - but not, in any way, certifiably - increase to become a professional and recognised type of animation.

Please note that this sample paper on Different Animation Styles is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Different Animation Styles, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Different Animation Styles will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Western History Comparison

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A Comparison Between The American West A new interpretive history and The Legacy of Conquest The unbroken past of the American West

In comparing Robert V. Hine and John Mack Faracher's book The American West and Patricia Nelson Limerick's book The Legacy of Conquest, it is apparent that the extent of their similarities basically end at their topic of discussion. Both books write about the history of the American West; however, each book has a totally different goal and focus than the other. The American West presents Fredrick Jackson Turner's viewpoint on the development of western society and the idea that the Wild West was conquered so society could prevail in the West. It describes the development of America being forged out of the western frontier and it chronicles the struggles of those people involved in western development. The book's purpose is to tell a comprehensive story of the development of the American West. The Legacy of Conquest, on the other hand, tends to focus on destroying the typical thoughts about development of the West. Limerick does little to present the whole history on the settlement and development of the west. Instead, she focuses on the stories that are not often told such as the plight of the minorities, the governments attempt to manage the lands of the West, and the feelings westerners have and had toward the federal Government. She uses these stories to present an argument against the common perception that the West was conquered in a violent, yet romantic series of events.

The American West clearly follows Turner's theory of how the American West developed. The book begins by revealing the wild uncivilized society that existed in the west during the California Gold Rush and illustrates the gradual development of the western society into a national power. One example the book uses to show us this lawless uncouth society during the early development of society in the West is when the miners ruled western development. The book points out such instances as when California miners in the 1850's held meetings that were designed to serve justice, but "were quick to resort to lynchings and vigilante action, without the approval of courts and the legal system" (67). The book also tells of the terrible physical and moral conditions that existed in California towns and mining camps. One miner, whose story is told in the book, described the women in mining towns saying "there are a great many in all the mining towns who wear the form of a woman, but oh so fallen and vile, a living, burning shame to the sex they have so disgraced" (6). These examples of early western society are used to show the progression that the West is going to make in time. It is illustrating Turner's idea about how western society uniquely developed out of the frontier and how society advances in stages.

Turner said that civilization moves in a certain pattern with the trappers first coming followed by miners, farmers, and then towns of civilized people. The book quickly moves away from examples of uncivilized society where miners and farmers were forced to live to the telling of the "technological triumph of a transcontinental railroad" (0). With the completion of the transcontinental railroad, people moved into the west at a much greater pace and "every station upon the railway had become a nucleus for a civilized settlement" (5). The book again follows Turner's view of western history. Hine and Faracher make the case that the railroad helped enable society in the West to flourish and expand because the new wave of settlers was able to move to the West and maintain in reasonable touch with the East. The book, although briefly, touches on the harm these Railroad companies inflicted on the people in the West. It presents the information with the same bravado and excitement that Turner's ideas on western development tend to be portrayed. There is always an undertone of conquest in Turner's theory and the book maintains this same tone when talking about the impact the railroads had on the region. In reading about this impact, a feeling of conquest emanates from the text. One gets the feeling that American ingenuity conquered over Mother Nature to help further advance society. Order custom research paper on Western History Comparison

Turner's last idea that is presented in Hine and Faracher's novel is the idea that if it is easy for people to become land owners it is thus easy to establish and maintain a democracy in America. The American West details the free land opportunities in the West by calling it the safety valve. These free land opportunities are describe as the safety valve because the book presents the idea that in order for Americans to continue prospering and maintaining democracy, people needed to be able to work their own land. The industrial revolution threatened upward mobility for an individual and threatened ones democratic values (0-60).

In presenting Turner's theory on the development of western society Hine and Faracher also present the popular idea that the West was conquered so civilization could thrive. The book has this theme spread throughout the text; however, it is clearly displayed for us when the Chapter Open Range is discussed. This chapter brings to light the near extinction of the buffalo. Although the dramatic decrease in the buffalo's numbers occurred due to several different reasons, one reason is set aside when the book is talking about the transition from buffalo grazing on the Great Plains to cattle grazing on the plains. "(That) was one of the most rapid episodes of frontier advance in the Euroamerican occupation of the continent" (0) says Hine and Faracher. This statement makes the disappearance of the buffalo seem like the buffalo were killed off in order for White settlers and Cattlemen to conquer and rule the Great Plains. With the buffalo gone the Plains Indians lost their major source of food and therefore would need to move on to reservations. Thus, the theme of American conquest plays a huge part in the development of the West.

Before turning to Limericks novel for review, it must be understood that The American West is a novel whose purpose is achieved and not hurt by its influence of Fredrick Jackson Turner's theories. The authors are still able to present a well rounded view of western history and are successful in presenting the problems minorities incurred during westward development.

The Legacy of Conquest is a unique novel to say the least. Patricia Nelson Limerick presents views of western history not often offered by historians. In one of her most interesting examples she discusses the government's early attempts at resource management and its Chief Forester, Gifford Pinchot. Generally when people speak of Pinchot and his Department of Forestry their efforts to preserve and manage our natural resources are applauded. Pinchot and his department tend to be looked at as true innovators and among the first environmentalists. However, Limerick writes that this sentiment and view point is actually flawed and that the national forests would have been better off without government regulation. She tells of the clear cutting that Pinchot and the Department of Forestry allowed, which were not for the benefit of the forests or preservation, but for economic gains. Here, Limerick tells of what one assistant in the Department of Forestry said when asked about the clear cutting of forests "From an economic standpoint these trees are doing nothing but standing there rotting, we could get more value by cutting them down and growing a new crop" (0). In writing this passage, Limmerick destroys our perception that the Department of Forestry was established to preserve forests and shocks her readers when she reveals the motivation of the government.

Another common misperception about the West is that the 0th century brought peace and tranquility to the region. Limerick takes this perception and says that "this conventional image was reassuring, progressive-and inaccurate" (6). She goes about destroying this perception by telling about the horrible race relations people in the West encountered and why they were encountered. It is well documented that the West was associated with opportunity and Limerick makes the case that when people were unable to find success they wanted someone to blame when they did not succeed. She tells of the desire to restrict Chinese laborers migrating to California with the Chinese Exclusion Act. She moves further into the 0th century and tells of the problems Japanese people encountered during WWII with their forced internment. She lets these examples show that the West was anything but peaceful and writes that the system that united Western history was the struggle between the minority and majority for "control of land, for labor applied to the land, and for the resulting profit" ().

The purpose of The Legacy of Conquest was to be the antithesis of modern perception about the west. Basically, Limerick presents the idea that the West is still evolving and the region should, perhaps, not be viewed in the romantic fashion popular culture sees it.

In looking at the focus of The Legacy of Conquest and The American West, we can note the drastic differences. Hine and Faracher set out to write a novel which detailed the vast and expansive development of the West; however, in doing this they were unable to incorporate many of the feelings minorities and westerners harbored for each other, the government, and big business. On the other hand, Limerick set out to present these feelings to further her focus of dispelling the romantic notions people had about western development. Both novels accomplished their goals and made efforts to present the facts about western development. Overall, both books aided in my understanding of Western attitudes and development. Combined they are a perfect match to tell the comprehensive history of the West.

Please note that this sample paper on Western History Comparison is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Western History Comparison, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Western History Comparison will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi

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Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi was born some time around the year 780 A.D. in Khwarism which is now Khiva, Uzbekistan, the exact date of his birth is unknown.

He began working with his colleagues at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad where they translated Greek manuscripts. They also studied Algebra, Geometry, and Astronomy. Since their country was run by a strict dictatorship, al-Khwarizmi devoted two of his works to the Caliph, which was what the emperor was called. The two works were descriptions on algebra and astronomy, and were called treatises.

The treatise on algebra was considered far most famous, and was called Hisab al-jabr wal-muqabala. The title of the treatise actually gives the name algebra, and was probably the first book to be written algebra. In his book he wrote out ways to solve different types of problems that the Islam people had to solve on an every day basis. Such as measuring out a plot of land and digging canals. Each chapter of the treatise was devoted to reducing a quadratic or linear equation into one of six forms. These forms are squares are equal to roots, squares are equal to numbers, roots are equal to numbers, squares and roots are equal to numbers, squares and numbers are equal to roots, and roots and numbers are equal to squares. To continue solving the problems he then used the systems of al-jabr, meaning completion, and al-muqabala meaning balance. Using his knowledge of algebra with the Hisab al-jabr w'al-muqabala he then mixed these them with arithmetic to solve a problem like, (a+bx)(c+dx).

Al-Khwarizmi goes farther into his system to find the areas of circles and the volume of spheres, cones, and pyramids. He also wrote another treatise that was named Algoritmi de numero Indorum in which the word algorithm comes from. The new treatise was based on Hindu-Arabic numerals. The Arabic version was lost somehow, but they still have a Latin translation, although the Latin translation is not a precise translation from Al-Khwarizmi's original version. The treatise used the Hindu place-value system and included the Arabic numerals 1, , , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, , and 0. This was the first time that 0 was used as a place value.Buy Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi term paper

Al-Khwarizmi also wrote treatise on astrology, which was basically a calendar that calculated the precise location of the sun, moon, and planets, calculations of eclipses and many more astrological calculations. This was called the Sindhind zij.

Al-Khwarizmi did many more works in his career. Most people consider Al-Khwarizmi's algebraic works the, "cornerstone" of the sciences. He created the oldest works on algebra and arithmetic, and set the pace for many more mathematical discoveries for years to come.

Please note that this sample paper on Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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