Cuban Missle Crisis

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Cuban Missile Crisis

As the end of World War II drew near, world politics began to change. Germany, the wartime superpower was crushed; Britain, a major world giant before the war, was destitute. The world was tired of fighting, and many nations (on both sides) were weak from the effort expended on victory. But two countries rose to greater heights in the postwar era the United States and the Soviet Union. They were very different from each other, but had one thing in common, pride. America was cocky, used to getting its way, while Russia was sneaky, and frivolous with its new power. They both sought ways to manipulate foreign policy and gain greater dominion. Eventually, their efforts crossed, and what resulted is the Cuban Missile Crisis. This conflict between Russia and the United States was an intense event, from its beginnings, to the roles of Russian and American leaders, and finally to its non-violent conclusion.

In discussing the Cuban Missile Crisis, there are several events that made this the climax of the Cold War. First, America's attack on a sovereign nation in an attempt to overthrow their existing government was a complete failure, and set America at odds with Cuba. Such failure at Bay of Pigs allowed the communists to remain and Fidel Castro to take power. President Kennedy realized that he had "made a tragic mistake" (Doc G) with his interference in Cuban affairs, and on October 14, 16, when aerial photos of Cuba showed Russian missile sites in construction (Doc M), he realized the threat. Calling together a committee called Excon, top military officials in America discussed what should be done. Intelligence showed that Russia had a possible missiles and 0,000 soldiers in Cuba (Brinkley). The debates within Excon finally settled around the moral issues of a pre-emptive attack on Cuba. America would be recreating Pearl Harbor, only this time as the aggressors, if they attacked. But the fact is, America did not like having a Soviet threat so close to home, and were determined to find a solution to this conflict that suited their desires. As for Russia, they were willing to remove their missiles from Cuba, as long as America removed hers from Turkey. But Kennedy did not see his weapons in Turkey posing any threat. He refused Khruschev's offer, reiterating his initial demand for Russia to remove their weapons from Cuba. Kennedy sent 180 Navy ships towards Cuba, and warned the nation of this "extraordinary build-up of Communist missiles" (Doc K). Behind the scenes, however, both men entered into negotiations and finally settled on a peaceful contract. The crisis dissolved, but not without leaving a lasting impact on the world, not just those countries involved.

From the beginning, the Cuban Missile Crisis was a power struggle between Kennedy and Khruschev. As tensions arose between America and the Soviet, each felt the need to test the others resolve. Khruschev knew that Cuba was like a pressure point of the United States. Kennedy had already stated that "Latin America" was as "essential" to the security of the U.S. "as Southeast Asia"(Doc C), and that their "attitude of nonintervention would change overnight" (Doc C) should any Communist threat arise. Kruschev needed to know just how serious Kennedy was, and thus missile sites began appearing in Cuba. Kennedy called it a "violation of Soviet assurances" (Doc K) and a "change" which could not be accepted (Doc K). But in their plight to gain foreign support against Russia, American leaders continued with proud demands, rather than appeals. For example, when "informing" (Doc I) France of the situation, Dean Acheson, an American, got this reply from Charles de Gaulle "France will support [Kennedy]. However, let the record show that we (the French) are being informed but never consulted in such an issue of so great importance to the whole world" (Doc I). Letters between Kruschev and Kennedy also show that America was willing to make plenty of demands, but yield to none. Kennedy ordered the Soviet's remove their weapons from Cuba. Russia replied with a similar request, you remove your missiles from Turkey, and we will remove ours from Cuba (Doc P). For, as the Soviets complained, nothing separated American munitions from Soviet land; they shared a border. But with Cuba, 0 miles of ocean separated the Communist weapons from American land. Still, Kennedy did not see the American forces in Turkey as being any relevant threat to the Soviets. Completely missing the relevancy of Kruschev's offer, Kennedy refused. For a time, it seemed as if the headstrong leaders would never come to a peaceful conclusion, but finally, at the risk of an all-out war with America, Russia backed down. Krushchev finally gave in to Kennedy's demands, and the missiles were removed.

Help with essay on Cuban Missle Crisis The peaceful conclusion to the Cuban Missile Crisis is significant for a number of reasons. Of these reasons, the most obvious being the avoidance of possible nuclear war. Had the United States entered into a nuclear war with the Soviet Union in 16, the World's more recent history would be drastically different. A war between the two world super-powers would have resulted in one winner, and the creation of a major dominant force in the world. Hundreds upon thousands of lives could have been wasted as nuclear warheads were dropped on cities across the globe. Such war would have split the world in half; no country could have afforded to remain neutral. And both Kennedy and Khruschev would have destroyed each other before they surrendered. With the limited technology available back then, scientists had no way of know the lasting impact of nuclear waste. Not only would it kill everything around it, but also it would leave behind deadly radiation that would have affected humanity for generations. The smooth conclusion to this almost cataclysmic event was critical, and demonstrated the power both nations had, and the power both nations were willing to use.

As the Crisis was wrapping up, both Kennedy and Khruschev feared the loss of control over their armies. Perhaps this factored into the hasty conclusion they entered into. But whatever it was that lead to the close of the struggle, it pacified each nation to the point of non-military aggression. The tension of the period slowly dissipated to the point where each country could remain on polite, formal terms with the other. Though at the time it seemed inevitable, a conflict was avoided, and millions of lives preserved, because of negotiations basically outlining who got to put missiles where. America risked a third World War to protect Cuba from the fear of the "evil" Communists, but in the end, battle was circumvented, to the benefit of all.

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