Anorexia Nervosa

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Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa is a mental illness in which a person has an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted perception of their weight and body shape. Recent studies suggest that people with anorexia respond to dieting differently from other people. While most people fell uncomfortable when their calories are restricted, people prone to anorexia are comfortable with it. People with anorexia believe themselves to be fat even when their weight is so low that their health is in danger. There are two types of anorexia nervosa restricting and binge-eating/purging. People with restricting type severely limit their food intake and or exercise excessively. Individuals with binge-eating/ purging type engage in binge eating self induced vomiting or the abuse of laxatives, diuretics (water pills), or enemas. Anorexia is not only a problem with weight and food, it is a way to use those problems emotional problems. Researchers believe that a combination hormonal, social, and psychological reasons may be responsible.

Individuals with shaky self images and a family history of depression, weight problems and substance abuse seem to be at a higher risk for the disorder. About 5% of patients with anorexia nervosa are women. Most of them developed the disorder in late adolescence or early childhood. Despite the large number of women who report some sort of eating disturbance, only a small number actually meet the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. One percent of teenage girls in the U.S. develops anorexia and up to 10% of those may die as a result. Although many cases of anorexia nervosa in males go unreported, it does appear in boys. 10% of eating disorder sufferers are male. There are more factors that are common in males with eating disorders than females. Eating disorders in males are linked to athletic performance, particularly for sports that have weight classes boxing, wrestling, etc. Men who have eating disorders were once overweight, and now have an intense fear of gaining weight. 0 percent to 50 percent of anorectics develop binging and purging behaviors.

There is no known reason, of why people actually get anorexia. The people who have the disease think that they would be happier and lead better lives if they were thin. People are usually good students and they are involved in school activities. They blame themselves for bad grades. People who develop anorexia usually share certain personality traits, like perfectionism, low-self esteem, a need for control, etc.

Custom Essays on Anorexia Nervosa

As the disorder develops, they may experience depression, irritability, sleep problems, lack of sexual interest, and they may withdraw from friends and family. Most researchers believe that one cause of anorexia nervosa is societies emphasis on thinness and body shape as a major part of being attractive. In fact, most people who develop the disease are female because there is more pressure on women to be thin. These images cause many to develop unrealistic expectations for their own bodies. Social pressures interact with a variety of other factors to develop anorexia. Physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are some experiences that people with the disorder have experienced in their lives. Other psychological problems that can lead to anorexia anxiety, depression, and compulsive behavior. A person's family may also encourage personality traits such as perfectionism, emotional reserve, desire to conform, avoid conflict, and a need for control.

Some behaviors that are associated with anorexia are refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height, intense fear of gaining weight, even if they are severally underweight, and disturbance in the way one's body weight or shape is experienced. Some other characteristics are and intense drive for thinness, an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, and a disturbance in body image.

WARNING SIGNS OF ANOREXIA

· Deliberate self starvation.

· Fear of gaining weight

· Refusal to eat

· Denial of hunger

· Constant exercising

· Greater amounts of hair on body or face

· Sensitivity to cold

· Absent or irregular periods (in women)

· Fainting spells

· Periods of hyperactivity

· Shortness of breath

· Dry, brittle skin

· Constipation

· Cooking for others

Anorexia nervosa has a wide variety of medical complications that effect every system of the body and can be life threatening. Severe anorexia leads to chronic malnourishment which takes toll throughout the body, particularly in the thyroid, heart, digestive and reproductive systems. Undernourishment usually causes females with anorexia nervosa to stop menstruating (periodic vaginal discharge in humans and other mammals, consisting in blood and cells shed from the lining of the uterus, or the endometrium), -in fact, this symptom is so typical in anorexia nervosa that it is often used to diagnose the disease. In men, a complication is a decreased sexual drive. Shrunken organs, low metabolism, and an irregular heartbeat are some other medical complications. People with anorexia often suffer from fatigue, and muscle weakness, have trouble staying warm and have dry, yellow skin. Changes in the function of kidneys and gastrointestinal systems are common. People with the disorder frequently develop osteoporosis, a loss of bone mass, that makes bones fragile and prone to fracture. This bone loss may be at least partially irreversible, and delayed bone development can also lead to stunted growth. Many changes in the function of the heart can occur, such as slow heartbeat, low blood pressure, and heart palpitations. These changes can cause a person to become prone to dizziness and fainting , and abnormal heart rhythms sometimes result in sudden death. Scientists estimate that between 5 percent and 0 percent of people with anorexia nervosa die of medical complications related to the illness.

Because people with anorexia believe that there is nothing wrong with them, treatment is difficult. Patients in early stages of anorexia my be successfully treated without having to be admitted into the hospital. For successful treatment, the patient must want to change. People with more serious anorexia nervosa need care in the hospital. Treatment involves more than changing the persons eating habits. Anorexic patients often need counseling for a year or more so they can work on changing the feelings that cause their eating problem. Some patients are helped by medicine to help them feel less depressed. These are provided by a doctor and are accompanied by counseling. As a mental illness, anorexia nervosa is treated through psychotherapy. However, the medical complications of the disorder are often so serious that stabilizing the patients' physical condition must be the first step of treatment. Some patients are admitted to the hospital for this treatment. Weight gain, though often difficult to achieve, is the primary goal for restoring a patients physical health. Physicians may prescribe increases of food consumption and dietary supplements, along with instructions for the patient not to exercise. Most severe cases, especially if a patient resists instructions to eat, nutrients and fluids may be administered intravenously. The female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone may be used to help restore bone mass and strength. Antidepressants and other medications are sometimes used to treat depression and anxiety. With treatment many of the medical complications of anorexia nervosa can be reversed.

Various forms of psychotherapy are used to help the people with anorexia nervosa recognize and change their distorted view and attitudes about food, weight, and body image. Counseling helps people understand and resist societal pressures to attain a certain body shape. Treatment also addresses any other factors, such as abuse, trauma in a close relationship, or low-self esteem that have contributed to the development of the disorder. Or those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, 4 percent recover, 0 percent improve somewhat, and more than 0 percent suffer from a chronic eating disorder.

I have a friend who suffered from anorexia. She felt that she would be popular and her crush would finally notice her. She told me that she didn't feel like she had control over it, it was more like it was controlling her. She never told her parents and they never found out, because her friends stopped before it could kill her. She never reached her goal with her weight, during the time she felt like turning against the people who teased her about her weight to help her lose the weight. That didn't help her, she turned to drugs, alcohol, and smoking to cure the problems with her friends. Her friends threatened to leave her if she "didn't get a grip on life". She had to make a tough decision, but she made it. It was very hard for her, she felt lonely and friendless. She turned to suicide, saying that she wasn't worth it, she hated herself. She tried everything from pain killers to rat poison. She ended up telling a friend how depressed that she was and that she was going to end her life that night. She called the police and told them, if it wasn't for them she wouldn't have been able to tell me this story today. She ended up going back with an eating disorder when she passed out in school. She was sent to the hospital, and she was in intensive care for days. She had called a friend to tell him what had happened, she said that he was completely distraught. That was when she realized that she was hurting her friends and family. She had hurt the people was had believed in her. To this day sometimes she wishes that she went along with the friend who promised her "Eternal perfection" with drugs and alcohol. Today she has a mission, to help everyone who has an eating disorder and or is depressed.

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